Abstract Thinking: Definition, Benefits, & How to Improve It

What Is Abstract Thinking?

Abstract thinking is the ability to think about concepts and ideas without being tied to a specific example. It is a skill that can be learned, and it is a way of approaching things from a different angle. The benefits of abstract thinking are numerous, and the more you practice it, the better you’ll be. Individuals with the ability to think abstractly come up with unique ideas and ways in which they can better engage in opportunities. This comes into play in terms of conversation and everyday tasks.¹

Abstract thinking is used for:

• Improved problem-solving skills
• Improved creativity
• Better ability to understand theoretical concepts
• Improved ability to think critically

Abstract vs. Concrete Thinking

Abstract thinking is a learned skill that can be improved through active practice. It’s a form of abstract reasoning, which means there are no concrete facts involved—you use your imagination to think about things that aren’t immediately obvious or real. By definition, abstract thinking involves considering concepts in general terms rather than concrete details. Conversely, concrete thinking places an emphasis on facts presented.

Moreover, abstract thinking is a fluid movement of thought, rather than factual processing. For example, think of abstract art–while others may see blurry lines or shapes, some see a hidden meaning behind the canvas.

Think about how much abstract thinking goes on in your life every day–do you make decisions based on what seems logical or reasonable? Are these decisions based on facts or only an educated guess? When we think concretely, our thoughts are often based on evidence or facts that have been presented to us. In abstract thinking, we may have information presented to us beforehand, but approach it with a deeper capacity to develop new ideas.

Examples of abstract thinking include:

• The use of humor among conversation
• Using imagination to create imagery beyond the here and now
• Feeling hopeful in situations that seem difficult
• Viewing love as an idea that is not concrete
• Seeing success as defined differently for each individual
• Recognizing that the value of something is defined by what we place on it
• Being organized is defined per person

Examples of abstract thinking in practice include:

• When you describe something with a metaphor, simile, or analogy
• When you analyze a situation and develop a creative solution to the problem at hand.
• When you consider someone else’s point of view.
• When you predict something based on your own information and thoughts.
• When an artist creates a painting left to interpretation.
• When a person continues to explore options in a situation after a resolution has already been found.
• When a person tells a joke that is not obvious.

Why Is Abstract Thinking Important?

Understanding abstract ideas and concepts is a skill we all need, but one that many of us don’t think about often. The ability to think abstractly helps us solve problems, communicate effectively, and better understand ourselves and others. The use of abstract thinking allows a person to better recognize underlying context in a conversation, or push a conversation further. It is also a helpful tool to get out of dangerous situations, or for solving everyday tasks in a more efficient manner.

In Everyday Life

Abstract thinking can help you become a better communicator, as you can look at things from different points of view. This ability to see the big picture and put yourself in someone else’s shoes can also help you better understand what they’re trying to say. You’ll be better able to intuit the context of a conversation by recognizing this alternative perspective. Thus, communicating your ideas clearly and effectively comes easily. Some situations that may call for abstract thinking include scenarios that require more efficient time management.

In School

In school, abstract thinking can help students understand the material they are learning, and apply it to new situations. For example, if a person is given an equation to solve, abstract thinking allows them to think about what the solution might be, before attempting to solve it. It also helps with decision making, because it allows a group to develop good ideas together, instead of relying on individual judgment alone. If a student is able to think abstractly, they have a higher chance of engaging in more challenging school programs such as STEM.²

When Does Abstract Thinking Develop in Children?

Abstract thinking is an important part of cognitive development, helping us understand the world around us. You may notice some children are very concrete in their thinking, or they can only think about things as they are currently. For example, if you say “the sun rises in the morning,” an infant will not understand, because it is too difficult for them to understand concepts such as time or place. However, a toddler might understand, as they are developing their abstract thinking skills. Psychologist Piaget’s stages of cognitive development give insight into development in thinking.

Paiget’s stages of cognitive development are ⁴

1. Sensorimotor stage: In this stage, a child is gaining information from their senses, and is not able to think further than what is in front of them.
2. Preoperational stage: A child at this stage (between two and seven years old) is impacted by the way in which something appears to be, and believes others see things the same way as they do.
3. Concrete operational stage: At this stage (between seven and 11), a child begins to realize that not everyone sees the world the same as them, and is open to new ideas and problem solving.
4. Formal operational stage: This stage begins at age 11, and children begin to think abstractly.

Parents who are concerned about a child not meeting particular milestones are encouraged to speak to their child’s teacher or pediatrician. It is important to review the thinking patterns of a child to help them foster emotions and independence later on in life. Additionally, encouraging play can be used to help foster abstract thinking–one of the best ways to do so is with blocks and puzzles. Blocks help children develop their spatial skills, as they learn to stack them and build towers. Puzzles teach kids how pieces fit together, which helps them think about how objects are connected or related to one another.

Disorders & Conditions that May Impair Abstract Thinking

Abstract thinking is a vital skill. While it may sound like a simple task, it can be challenging for some. A person may struggle with this type of thinking due to a range of disorders and conditions. For these people, engaging with others can become challenging. It is also important to note that a person might simply have difficulty with an abstract thought process, so be mindful of others’ approaches to thinking.

Some disorders and conditions that may interfere with abstract thinking include:

• Traumatic Brain Injury: TBI can result in a variety of symptoms including confusion, memory loss, dizziness and headaches—these symptoms often lead to cognitive effects like impaired abstract thinking skills and reduced problem-solving abilities.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder: The effects of autism vary widely, depending on the individual. However, autistic people may have difficulty understanding other people’s feelings or thoughts. It may also be difficult for them to communicate their own feelings and needs clearly.

Ways to Improve Your Abstract Thinking Skills

You can improve your ability to think abstractly by practicing thinking. While it may sound a bit silly and redundant, it’s true! This can be done in a number of ways, such as by asking yourself “big idea” questions that require you to consider many different factors and angles.

Exercises to improve your ability to think abstractly include:

• Putting yourself in situations that you are not familiar with or educated on
• Solving puzzles such as a jigsaw, crossword, or word search
• Find an Escape Room near you
• Find a new hobby to try
• Ask your friends to give you a problem to solve in their everyday life

Final Thoughts

Abstract thinking is a powerful tool that can help a person make better decisions, solve problems, and be more creative. By learning how to think abstractly, we can improve our ability to understand each other, empathize with others, and make the world a better place for everyone.