*An off-label use of a medication is a use that is not FDA-approved. Prescribers can decide to use a medication off-label because, in their professional judgment, they believe it may offer a benefit to someone.
Adderall is a stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. The typical Adderall dose depends on a person’s age, medical history, and other factors. Adderall is typically started on the lowest dosage possible based on an individual’s needs and adjusted to reach the desired response. The dosage typically starts at 5mg twice daily and increases in 2.5-5 mg increments.
Your prescriber can answer questions about dosages and how to take Adderall. If you’re considering Adderall, or want to discuss your current prescription with a provider, you will be limited in your options. Klarity and Circle Medical are two online psychiatry platforms that can and will prescribe stimulant medications, which are controlled substances. They can connect you to a provider quickly, who can answer any questions you have about taking your medication and provide new prescriptions as appropriate.
Boxed Warning: Amphetamine, dextroamphetamine mixed salts (Adderall) - Risk of medication misuse or abuse
Adderall has a black box warning. These are the most serious types of warnings from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Amphetamines, an active ingredient in Adderall, have a risk of misuse (abuse) which can lead to dependence on the medication, serious heart conditions, and even sudden death.
Adderall is a controlled substance, which means that it’s more likely to be misused or cause dependence. There are federal and state laws that limit the amount of medication that can be prescribed or dispensed within a certain period of time.
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What Is Adderall?
Adderall is a stimulant medication used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is made from two amphetamine salts (dextro-amphetamine and levo-amphetamine in a 3:1 ratio).1 It works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain.2 Increasing these chemicals in the brain can lead to improved attention, decreased impulsivity/hyperactivity, and increased wakefulness for people who have ADHD or narcolepsy. It is approved for adults and children older than three years of age.3,4 There are extended-release (XR) and immediate-release (IR) formulations of the medication. However, the immediate-release formulation is no longer under the brand name Adderall.
What Is Adderall Used to Treat?
Adderall is FDA-approved for the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy. ADHD is a disorder characterized by problems with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Narcolepsy is a disorder that negatively impacts sleep leading to excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and possible sleep attacks. Adderall can be used as an initial treatment for ADHD and narcolepsy, or it may be used after other treatment options have failed.
Adderall may also be used off-label for the management of other disorders.5 An off-label use of a medication is a use that is not FDA-approved. Prescribers can decide to use a medication off-label because, in their professional judgment, they believe it may offer a benefit to someone. Off-label uses of Adderall include the management of obesity. It is important to discuss with your healthcare provider the potential benefits and risks of using a medication off-label.
Adderall is commonly used as an FDA-approved medication to treat:1
Adderall can also be used off-label (non-FDA-approved) for treating:5,6
- Obesity
Adderal Dosages for FDA-Approved Treatment
Adderall is FDA-approved for the treatment of ADHD symptoms and narcolepsy. The treatment dosage for Adderall is dependent on many factors, including the condition being treated and an individual’s medical history, age, and weight.
Adderall Forms & Strengths
Adderall comes in immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (XR) formulations. Adderall IR typically lasts 3-4 hours and must be taken twice daily. Of note, Adderall IR is now only available in the generic form. Adderall XR typically lasts 8-12 hours and is taken once per day. The right for mand strength is determined by the condition being treated, the age of the patient, the severity of symptoms, and the response to the medication. A prescribe may choose a different formulation based on the individual’s ability to adhere to a schedule, need for symptom control throughout the day, and desired duration of medication effect.
Generic Adderall is available in the following forms and strengths:
- 5 milligrams (mg) oral tablet
- 10 milligrams (mg) oral tablet
- 15 milligrams (mg) oral tablet
- 20 milligrams (mg) oral tablet
- 25 milligrams (mg) oral tablet
- 30 milligrams (mg) oral tablet
Adderall XR is available in the following forms and strengths:
- 5 milligrams (mg) oral capsule
- 10 milligrams (mg) oral capsule
- 15 milligrams (mg) oral capsule
- 20 milligrams (mg) oral capsule
- 25 milligrams (mg) oral capsule
- 30 milligrams (mg) oral capsule
It is vital to take the medications as prescribed. The immediate-release capsules should be taken whole. The XR formulation can be taken whole or opened and mixed with food such as applesauce.3 Discuss with your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have questions regarding how best to take this medication. The medication should also be taken around the same time every day. Adhering to the prescribed regimen is important to ensure its effectiveness and minimize the risk of side effects.
Get Personalized, Affordable ADHD Treatment
The providers on Klarity offer comprehensive, personalized ADHD treatment. From diagnosis to therapy to medication management, a Klarity provider will be there for you. And, if needed, they’re able to prescribe controlled substances, like Adderall and Concerta.
Adderall Dosage for Adults
Adderall is used as a treatment for narcolepsy and ADHD in adults. The dosage depends on the condition being treated and the individual’s age, medical history, and severity of symptoms. For most adults with ADHD, the starting dose is 20 mg of Adderall XR, with adjustments based on the individual’s response to the medication.
Although Adderall has not been well studied in older individuals1,3, the dose for this population may need to be adjusted based on age-related changes to metabolism and increased sensitivity to the medication. Close monitoring and individualized dosage adjustments are important to make sure the medication is effective and well-tolerated. Working closely with your healthcare provider when starting and adjusting this medication is important.
Adderall Dosage for Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Adderall is FDA-approved for the treatment of ADHD in adults. Typically, The extended-release version of Adderall is recommended as there is a higher risk of misuse with Adderall IR. Also, Adderall XR allows for a longer duration of effectiveness, less frequent dosing, and smoother effects throughout the day.
When starting Adderall, some individuals notice a benefit with the first dose. For others, however, it may take 2-3 weeks before seeing the maximum benefit from the medication. To gain the most benefit from Adderall when treating ADHD, it is generally recommended to take the medication at the same time every day. Adderall is typically taken in the morning to limit any negative effects on sleep.
Here is Adderall XR dosage information for adult ADHD:2,3
- Typical starting dosage: The typical starting dose for treating ADHD in adults is 20 mg daily.
- Dosage increases: Adjustments to the Adderall dose are typically made in 5-10 mg increments at weekly intervals.
- Maximum dosage: Typically, the maximum dosage is 40 mg daily as doses higher than this are rarely more effective.6
Adderall Dosage for Adults with Narcolepsy
Adderall is FDA-approved for the treatment of narcolepsy in adults. Both the immediate-release and extended-release versions can be used for treatment. However, the extended-release version is typically used given its lower risk of misuse, longer duration of effectiveness, less frequent dosing, and smoother effects throughout the day.
Individuals with narcolepsy may notice an improvement in wakefulness on the first day of taking Adderall. However, it may take 2-3 weeks before the maximum benefit is noticed. To gain the most benefit, the medication should be taken at the same time every day. It is typically taken in the morning to prevent interference with sleep.
Here is Adderall dosage information for narcolepsy in adults:
- Typical starting dosage: The starting dose of Adderall IR is 10 mg with additional doses every 4-6 hours. For Adderall XR, higher starting doses may be used.
- Dosage increases: Adjustments to the Adderall dose are typically made in 5-10 mg increments at weekly intervals.
- Maximum dosage: The maximum daily dose should not exceed 60 mg.6
Adderall Dosage for Children & Adolescents
Adderall is also FDA-approved to treat ADHD and narcolepsy in adolescents and children. Adderall IR can be used in children three years and older, while Adderall XR is typically for children six years and older. For Adderall IR, children 3 to 5 years of age are started on 2.5 mg daily with increases by 2.5 mg every week until the optimal response is obtained.
For Adderall IR, children six years of age and older are started on 5 mg once or twice per day, with increases of 5 mg at weekly intervals. It is imperative to follow the advice of a healthcare professional when using and making adjustments to this medication in children and adolescents.
Adderall Dosage for Children & Adolescents with ADHD
When it comes to using Adderall to treat ADHD in children and adolescents, there are several factors to consider. The starting dosage is determined based on factors including the child’s age, weight, severity of symptoms, and medical history. Children are typically started on the lowest dose possible, with adjustments made gradually to monitor the child’s response and tolerance.
When children and adolescents are starting Adderall, improvements may be noticed after taking the first dose. However, it will often take 2-3 weeks before the maximum benefit is achieved. Just as with adults, this medication should be taken around the same time every day to prevent it from interfering with sleep.
Here is Adderall dosage information for ADHD in children and adolescents:
- Typical starting dosage: For children 3-5 years of age, the starting dose is typically 2.5 mg. For children six years or older, the starting dose is 5 mg. Additional doses can be given every 4-6 hours.
- Dosage increases: For children 3-5 years of age, the daily dose may be increased by 2.5 mg every week. For children six years or older, the daily dose may be increased by 5 mg every week.
- Maximum dosage: The maximum daily dose is typically 40 mg per day.1,6
Here is Adderall XR dosage information for ADHD in children and adolescents:
- Typical starting dosage: For children six years and older, the starting dose is 10 mg.
- Dosage increases: The dose can be increased by 5-10 mg every week.
- Maximum dosage: The maximum recommended dose for children 6-12 years of age is 30 mg/day.3 Adderall doses over 40 mg are rarely more effective.6
Adderall Dosage for Children & Adolescents with Narcolepsy
Adderall is also approved for the treatment of narcolepsy in children and adolescents. However, narcolepsy rarely presents under the age of 12.1 Improvements in wakefulness may be noticed on the first day of treatment, but it may take 2-3 weeks before the maximum benefit is realized. To limit potential side effects and interference with sleep, the medication should be taken around the same every day.
Lead-in sentence: Here is Adderall dosage information for narcolepsy in children and adolescents:
- Typical starting dosage: For children 6 to 12 years of age, the recommended starting dose is 5 mg daily. In children older than 12 years, the starting dose is 10 mg daily. Doses can be given every 4-6 hours.
- Dosage increases: For children 6 to 12 years of age, the dose can be raised by 5 mg at weekly intervals. For children older than 12 years, the dose can be increased by 10 mg every week.
- Maximum dosage: The typical maximum dose is 60 mg total per day.1
Adderall Dosing Considerations
When prescribing Adderall or making dosing adjustments, prescribers will take several factors into account. This may include an individual’s pre-existing medical conditions, such as cardiovascular, kidney, and liver problems. Individuals taking other medications and supplements should discuss with their healthcare provider regarding possible interactions. For those with a history of substance abuse disorders, Adderall may not be recommended as it carries a risk of abuse and addiction. Lastly, expecting or breastfeeding mothers are typically recommended to avoid Adderall use.
Conditions that require special Adderall dosing considerations include:
- Pregnancy: Although it is unclear how Adderall impacts pregnancy and a developing fetus, it is only recommended that use be continued if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risk.
- Breastfeeding: Adderall is excreted in breast milk and should be avoided while breastfeeding.
- History of substance abuse: Adderall is a stimulant medication that has a risk for addiction when misused. Alternatives may need to be considered for individuals with a history of substance abuse.
- History of cardiovascular disorders: Adderall can be dangerous for individuals with heart problems, heart rhythm disorders, or high blood pressure.
- History of psychiatric disorders: Adderall can exacerbate some psychiatric disorders.
- History of liver or kidney problems: Adderall is broken down by the liver and excreted in urine. Those with a history of liver or kidney problems may need to avoid Adderall or be treated with lower doses.
Get Personalized, Affordable ADHD Treatment
The providers on Klarity offer comprehensive, personalized ADHD treatment. From diagnosis to therapy to medication management, a Klarity provider will be there for you. And, if needed, they’re able to prescribe controlled substances, like Adderall and Concerta.
Can You Overdose on Adderall?
Taking too much Adderall at one time or taking Adderall with other medications can lead to an overdose. Signs of overdose include restlessness, confusion, aggression, anxiety/panic, hallucinations, rapid breathing, fast heartbeat, blurred vision, vomiting, and seizures.7 Because of the risk of overdose, taking the medication as prescribed by your healthcare provider is extremely important.
What Should You Do If You Take Too Much Adderall?
If an overdose is suspected, the Poison Control helpline can be reached at 1-800-222-1222. If severe symptoms occur, such as seizure, difficulty breathing, or coma, the individual should seek emergency services by calling 911.
Can You Become Addicted to Adderall?
Adderall is a stimulant medication and carries a risk for the development of dependency and addiction. When this medication is taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional, the risk of developing dependency is low. However, this risk increases if the medication is taken inappropriately. To limit this risk, healthcare professionals follow specific protocols, such as limiting the supply of medication, requiring regular follow-up visits, and periodic medication evaluations.
Abruptly stopping Adderall can lead to extreme fatigue and mental depression, especially if it is being abused. In cases where misuse or dependency occurs, some individuals require a medical detox or supervised medication discontinuation. This refers to a controlled and monitored process in which a person is gradually weaned off a drug under medical supervision. This allows the healthcare provider to manage withdrawal symptoms to ensure a safe and gradual transition off of the medication.
What to Expect When Increasing Adderall Dosage
When increasing the Adderall dosage, improvements in symptoms may be noticed immediately. However, it may take 2-3 weeks before the maximum benefit is attained. Increasing the dosage of Adderal increases the risk of side effects. Common side effects include headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. Often these side effects will resolve as you adjust to the increased dose. If more severe symptoms occur, contact your healthcare provider.
What if I Miss a Dose of Adderall?
If a dose of Adderall XR is missed, do not take it later in the day. Instead, skip that dose and take your next dose at the regular time the following day. Do not take double the following day to make up for a missed dose. If a dose of Adderall IR is missed, you can take it when it is remembered, keeping in mind that it will last 4-6 hours. Another dose should not be taken until this time has passed. If it is too late in the day to take the dose, skip it and take the next dose in the morning.
Adderall requires consistent and continued use to manage symptoms effectively. It is not uncommon for people to stop taking Adderall when they start feeling better or experience initial side effects during the first few weeks of treatment. Stopping the medication when symptoms are controlled may lead to recurring symptoms and disrupt treatment progress. Also, the body may need time to adjust to a new medication or medication dose, and side effects may diminish as the body becomes accustomed to it. Discuss with your healthcare provider before stopping the medication or adjusting the dose.
Questions to Ask Your Health Team About Adderall Dosage
Before starting Adderall, it is important to have an open and thorough discussion with your healthcare provider. It is important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of Adderall, including the common and uncommon side effects. You should discuss your medical history, especially concerning cardiovascular problems, psychiatric disorders, liver/kidney problems, or a history of substance abuse.
Work with your healthcare provider to establish a plan of care, including regular follow-up visits and ongoing monitoring. In an emergency, such as severe side effects or allergic reactions, know the appropriate steps to take, such as contacting a longer emergency hotline or calling 911.
Questions to ask your care team about Adderall dosages include:
- Is it safe to take Adderall with my other medications?
- Will Adderall be covered by my insurance?
- What is the recommended starting dose of Adderall based on my age, weight, and health history?
- Does my medical history indicate a need to adjust my dosage?
- How often can the dosage be adjusted?
- How long will it take before my symptoms improve?
- Should I let my therapist know I am taking this medication?
- What should I do if I want to stop taking Adderall?
- What are the potential side effects associated with Adderall:
- How often should I schedule follow-up visits?
- How long does Adderall last in your system?
- How do I get rid of an Adderall headache?
How to Get an Adderall Prescription
Adderall is a medication that must be prescribed by a healthcare provider, such as a physician, psychiatrist, or specialized ADHD clinic. During an appointment, the healthcare provider will conduct a thorough evaluation to determine an individual’s needs and determine if Adderall is the appropriate medication for treatment.
This includes prescribing Adderall for FDA-approved and off-label uses. They will ask for information regarding the individual’s medical history, including diagnoses and medications. They will also ask about current symptoms, the impact of symptoms, and other associated challenges.
Online psychiatry services are a practical option to consider for individuals seeking treatment for ADHD. These services provide virtual consultations with licensed healthcare professionals to receive healthcare services in the comfort of one’s home.
In My Experience
In my experience, Adderall is a great option for the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy. I treat many patients with ADHD and some of them take Adderall for their symptoms. For those starting Adderall, it is important to keep in mind that it may take 2-3 weeks to see improvement. You may also not see improvement until you increase the Adderall dose. As mentioned before, side effects often improve with time, but you should always discuss with your healthcare provider if you have concerns.
Additional Resources
To help our readers take the next step in their mental health journey, Choosing Therapy has partnered with leaders in mental health and wellness. Choosing Therapy is compensated for marketing by the companies included below.
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Online psychiatry, sometimes called telepsychiatry, platforms offer medication management by phone, video, or secure messaging for a variety of mental health conditions. In some cases, online psychiatry may be more affordable than seeing an in-person provider. Mental health treatment has expanded to include many online psychiatry and therapy services. With so many choices, it can feel overwhelming to find the one that is right for you.
