• Mental Health
    • Anxiety
    • Depression
    • Bipolar Disorder
    • ADHD
    • Addiction
      • What is Addiction?
      • What Are Behavioral Addictions?
      • Addiction vs Dependence
      • Addiction Myths vs Facts
      • Addiction Statistics
      • How to Help a Friend
      • Find an Addiction Specialist
    • Eating Disorders
    • Personality Disorders
      • Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
        • OCD vs. OCPD
    • Trauma
      • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
        • PTSD & COVID-19
      • Childhood Trauma
    • Sexual Disorders
      • Anorgasmia
      • Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)
      • Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
      • Premature Ejaculation (PE)
      • Delayed Ejaculation
    • Schizophrenia
  • Therapy Techniques
    • Online Therapy
      • Best Online Therapy
      • Online Therapy for Teens
      • Best LGBTQ Online Therapy
      • Best Online Therapy for Insurance
    • Psychotherapy
    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
      • CBT for Anxiety
      • CBT for Social Anxiety
      • CBT for Panic Disorder
      • CBT for Insomnia
      • CBT Online
    • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
      • DBT for Teens
    • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
    • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
      • EMDR for PTSD
      • EMDR for Anxiety
      • EMDR Online
    • Art Therapy
    • Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
    • Exposure and Response Prevention
    • Group Therapy
    • Hypnotherapy
    • Motivational Interviewing
    • Person Centered Therapy
    • Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
    • Sex Therapy
  • Types of Therapists
    • Faith-Based & Christian Counselors
    • Life Coaching
    • Family Therapist
      • Child & Teen Counseling
    • Marriage & Couples Counselors
      • Premarital Counseling
    • Psychiatrist
      • Psychology vs. Psychiatry
    • Psychotherapist
    • Grief Counselors
    • Online Therapists
  • Starting Therapy FAQ
    • Does Therapy Work?
      • How to Find a Therapist
      • Helping a Friend or Loved One
    • How to Choose a Therapist
      • Finding a Black Therapist
      • Finding a Latinx Therapist
      • Finding an LGBTQ-Friendly Therapist
      • Finding a Therapist as a Young Adult
      • Finding an Online Therapist
    • Preparing for Your First Session
    • Types of Mental Health Professionals
    • Mental Health Insurance
      • HSAs for Therapy
      • Sliding Scale Therapy Fees
    • Mental Health in the Workplace
      • Asking for a Mental Health Day
      • Taking Time Off for Mental Health
    • Top Mental Health Organizations
      • Mental Health Resources Outside the U.S.
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Policy
    • Advertising Policy
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us
    • Write for Us
    • Join the Directory
    • Careers
  • Therapist Directory
    • Find a Therapist
    • Join the Directory
    • Directory Login
  • Mental Health
    • Anxiety
    • Depression
    • Bipolar Disorder
    • ADHD
    • Addiction
      • What is Addiction?
      • What Are Behavioral Addictions?
      • Addiction vs Dependence
      • Addiction Myths vs Facts
      • Addiction Statistics
      • How to Help a Friend
      • Find an Addiction Specialist
    • Eating Disorders
    • Personality Disorders
      • Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
        • OCD vs. OCPD
    • Trauma
      • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
        • PTSD & COVID-19
      • Childhood Trauma
    • Sexual Disorders
      • Anorgasmia
      • Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)
      • Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
      • Premature Ejaculation (PE)
      • Delayed Ejaculation
    • Schizophrenia
  • Therapy Techniques
    • Online Therapy
      • Best Online Therapy
      • Online Therapy for Teens
      • Best LGBTQ Online Therapy
      • Best Online Therapy for Insurance
    • Psychotherapy
    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
      • CBT for Anxiety
      • CBT for Social Anxiety
      • CBT for Panic Disorder
      • CBT for Insomnia
      • CBT Online
    • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
      • DBT for Teens
    • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
    • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
      • EMDR for PTSD
      • EMDR for Anxiety
      • EMDR Online
    • Art Therapy
    • Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
    • Exposure and Response Prevention
    • Group Therapy
    • Hypnotherapy
    • Motivational Interviewing
    • Person Centered Therapy
    • Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
    • Sex Therapy
  • Types of Therapists
    • Faith-Based & Christian Counselors
    • Life Coaching
    • Family Therapist
      • Child & Teen Counseling
    • Marriage & Couples Counselors
      • Premarital Counseling
    • Psychiatrist
      • Psychology vs. Psychiatry
    • Psychotherapist
    • Grief Counselors
    • Online Therapists
  • Starting Therapy FAQ
    • Does Therapy Work?
      • How to Find a Therapist
      • Helping a Friend or Loved One
    • How to Choose a Therapist
      • Finding a Black Therapist
      • Finding a Latinx Therapist
      • Finding an LGBTQ-Friendly Therapist
      • Finding a Therapist as a Young Adult
      • Finding an Online Therapist
    • Preparing for Your First Session
    • Types of Mental Health Professionals
    • Mental Health Insurance
      • HSAs for Therapy
      • Sliding Scale Therapy Fees
    • Mental Health in the Workplace
      • Asking for a Mental Health Day
      • Taking Time Off for Mental Health
    • Top Mental Health Organizations
      • Mental Health Resources Outside the U.S.
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Policy
    • Advertising Policy
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us
    • Write for Us
    • Join the Directory
    • Careers
  • Therapist Directory
    • Find a Therapist
    • Join the Directory
    • Directory Login
Skip to content

Inferiority Complex: Definition, Symptoms, & Treatments

Published: November 22, 2022 Updated: March 9, 2023
Published: 11/22/2022 Updated: 03/09/2023
Headshot of Eric Patterson, LPC
Written by:

Eric Patterson

LPC
Headshot of Naveed Saleh, MD, MS
Reviewed by:

Naveed Saleh

MD, MS
  • What Is an Inferiority Complex?Definition
  • Signs of an Inferiority ComplexSigns
  • Inferiority Complex SymptomsSymptoms
  • What Causes an Inferiority Complex?Causes
  • How Long Do Feelings of Inferiority Last?Timeline
  • Complications of an Inferiority ComplexComplications
  • How to Overcome Feelings of InferiorityOvercome
  • Final Thoughts on Inferiority ComplexesConclusion
  • Additional ResourcesResources
  • Inferiority Complex InfographicsInfographics
Headshot of Eric Patterson, LPC
Written by:

Eric Patterson

LPC
Headshot of Naveed Saleh, MD, MS
Reviewed by:

Naveed Saleh

MD, MS

An inferiority complex refers to basic, chronic feelings of inadequacy and insecurity, whether real or perceived. Constant self-doubt, hesitation, and low-self esteem reduce a person’s overall happiness and well-being, creating a negative cycle that often leads to depression and suicidal tendencies. Acknowledging and treating an inferiority complex is the first step to reducing its effects and restoring self-worth.

Find a supportive therapist that can help you build confidence and self-esteem. BetterHelp has over 20,000 licensed therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy. BetterHelp starts at $60 per week. Complete a brief questionnaire and get matched with the right therapist for you.

Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for referrals by BetterHelp

Visit BetterHelp

What Is an Inferiority Complex?

An inferiority complex is the prevailing feeling that others are better, more accomplished, more attractive, and happier. With an inferiority complex in place, people chronically struggle to feel positive about themselves, their actions, and their life overall. All other people seem superior, which results in the individual experiencing a range of unwanted mental and physical health effects.1

An inferiority complex isn’t recognized as an official mental health diagnosis or disorder; however, the condition does create an unwanted influence on the well-being of people. Note that symptoms of long-term issues with confidence and self-esteem can overlap with an inferiority complex. For this reason, people should always consult with a mental health professional for individualized assessment and treatment.

An inferiority complex presents in two main ways:1

  1. Withdrawing from social, occupational, and educational situations due to being overly timid and fearful
  2. Overcompensating for or masking insecurity by being overly competitive, aggressive, or arrogant

History of the Term “Inferiority Complex”

The notion of an inferiority complex was first introduced by psychologist Alred Alder in 1907, so the term has been used in the field for over a century. Adler was an influential figure in psychotherapy, and though he was a contemporary and follower of Sigmund Freud, he eventually broke away from many of the principles and notions attached to the psychoanalytic mindset.7

Adler may not be a commonly known name in the world of psychology, but many of his ideas and concepts live on. Along with the inferiority complex, Adlerian therapy is linked to the enduring ideas of birth order, compensation, and overcompensation, which are still commonly discussed in current psychology.

Superiority Complex vs. Inferiority Complex

A superiority complex is the opposite of an inferiority complex. Someone with this kind of complex will display an inflated view of their own abilities and achievements. It’s caused by a desire to overcompensate for an inferiority complex, which means that one cannot exist without the other.3

Signs of an Inferiority Complex

Those with an inferiority complex will display signs of the condition in different ways. With the signs of inferiority complex representing the outward presentation of the condition, observers must make assumptions regarding what is occurring under the surface.

Signs of an inferiority complex include:4, 5

  • Poor eye contact, soft tone of voice, and passive communication style
  • Signs linked to depression like low motivation, low energy, and irritability
  • Quick and unexpected mood changes
  • Poor sleep schedules
  • Few relationships or relationships where the person bends to the whims of others
  • An inability to give self compliments
  • Downplays accomplishments and positive qualities

Alternatively, a person with a superiority complex triggered by inferiority will present with the opposite signs. They will display an elevated self-worth, a level of grandiosity, and consistent boasting about their abilities. Some may understand the overcompensation, while others may not realize it stems from an underlying sense of inferiority.

Inferiority Complex Symptoms

Because people with an inferiority complex tend to become polarized towards either withdrawing or aggressive overcompensation, the complex will present symptoms that may appear contradictory.

Symptoms of an inferiority complex with withdrawal include:4, 5

  • Low mood and depression
  • Feeling no hope that situations will change or improve
  • Low self-worth, self-esteem, and confidence
  • Feeling anxious, worried, or inadequate about situations
  • Feeling ashamed, guilty, or regretful of choices or actions
  • Negative self-talk

Symptoms of an inferiority complex with overcompensation include:4, 5

  • Feeling unstoppable and very happy at times
  • A fragile sense of self that is significantly harmed by criticism
  • A need to be perfect and a desire for perfectionism
  • Not believing or dismissing people who offer constructive feedback

With either form of inferiority complex, the outside observer may struggle to understand what is happening to the person internally. Their signs and symptoms can be mistaken for many mental health conditions. For the best outcome, people should discuss their experiences and impressions with others.

Popular Choices For Online Therapy 

BetterHelp  – Best For Those “On A Budget”


Online-Therapy.com – Best For Multiple Sessions Per Week

According to 14 Best Therapy Services (updated on 1/16/2023), Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for marketing by BetterHelp and Online-Therapy.

What Causes an Inferiority Complex?

Because some life experiences and genetic predispositions seem to impact the emergence of an inferiority complex, its potential causes are numerous. At times, risk factors contribute directly to an inferiority complex; but other times, they produce a mental health condition that indirectly sparks an inferiority complex.

Five factors connected to inferiority complexes are:2, 4, 5

  1. Trauma
  2. Depression and negative self-talk
  3. Genetics, having parents or close family members with related mental health conditions
  4. Avoidant personality disorder (AVPD)
  5. Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Early views on inferiority centered on the impact of parenting styles and societal values. A child who becomes a target of a parent’s irritability, sadness, or stress can develop fear, doubt, and uncertainty as a result. As the influence continues, the child may tend toward poor self-esteem, trouble building confidence, depression, and in some cases, a full inferiority complex.6

A similar process is possible when a child is raised to attach feelings of shame and guilt to anything related to sex and sexuality. As they age and begin romantic relationships, an inferiority complex develops due to a lack of positive feelings and practical information about sexuality. This complex could build anxiety, depression, and an extreme level of self-consciousness.6

How Long Do Feelings of Inferiority Last?

An inferiority complex has the potential to last a lifetime if left untreated. For some, it lasts a short period of time or it comes and goes based on the situation. There is no specific timeframe as it varies from person to person.

Sometimes it may not be clear that you are dealing with this and learn to cope on your own, but you may not be dealing with the underlying causes of any outward symptoms. It’s important to really work through where your feelings of inferiority come from to be able to move forward with confidence.

Complications of an Inferiority Complex

Depending on its severity, an inferiority complex has the potential to substantially impact the way a person performs and functions in all phases or areas of their life, including work, romantic relationships, home life, education, and friendships.

Relationship Problems

With any type of relationship, a person with an inferiority complex may go along with whatever the other proposes. This acquiescence can result in the sacrifice of their needs, wants, and goals.

Trouble at Work

A similar pattern can occur in the workplace as the people with the complex may never accept or take credit for their accomplishments and hard work. Over time, their perceived value will diminish to themselves and the organization, so they will be passed over for raises and promotions.

Risk of Developing an Addiction or Substance Use Problem

To cope with an inferiority complex, it is possible that some can develop substance abuse issues. Using substances to cope with symptoms is a common occurrence for those dealing with any kind of self-esteem issues or mood-based conditions.

Risk of Suicide

One of the most serious effects of an inferiority complex is an increased risk of suicide. Studies indicate that those with strong feelings of inferiority have higher rates of suicidal ideation, a state where a person believes they would be better off dead.4

Find a supportive therapist that can help you build confidence and self-esteem. BetterHelp has over 20,000 licensed therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy. BetterHelp starts at $60 per week. Complete a brief questionnaire and get matched with the right therapist for you.

Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for referrals by BetterHelp

Visit BetterHelp

How to Overcome Feelings of Inferiority

The best way to deal with an inferiority complex is to talk with an experienced therapist who can help you gain confidence and self-worth. Journaling, practicing affirmations, and having supportive friends who know what you’re going through can also help you heal.

Therapy

Whether the feelings of being inferior are connected to a diagnosable mental health condition or not, therapy is a great first option to help address the concerns. Therapists, including psychologists, social workers, or counselors, can help by completing a thorough evaluation to recognize the complex and chart the best course towards improvement.

A person whose inferiority complex results from an anxiety disorder would do well to target the signs and symptoms of anxiety to decrease the impact of inferiority.

In this case, anxiety treatment could involve various therapy styles, such as:6

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
  • Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
  • Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)

When inferiority complexes stem from faulty beliefs ingrained from childhood and do not create additional mental-health complications, therapists may also use CBT, ACT, and DBT, but the goals of treatment and path towards improvement will vary. During this time, therapy can help challenge the damaging views and work to replace them with healthy alternatives.

Finding a Therapist

A few tips can point someone towards a helpful therapist who can implement an effective treatment plan. Choosing a therapist does not have to be overwhelming. Online directories like Choosing Therapy offer tremendous variety to make the decision easier.

Journaling

Journaling may not be the most exciting or compelling way to address a mental health concern, but it is an effective way to manage symptoms and learn more about the underlying issues. Fortunately, journaling is a tool that makes other treatments, like therapy, more beneficial.

Practice Positive Affirmations

There is a lot of power in positive affirmations. Practicing them in a mirror to yourself is a great way to start your day. It gives you a boost of dopamine and gives you the motivation to take on the day.

Select Your Friends Wisely & Ask for Support

It’s important that you have the right type of friends in your life when you are dealing with inferiority complex issues. The right friends lift you up and don’t make you feel inferior to them.

Final Thoughts on Inferiority Complexes

Even though the symptoms and struggles of an inferiority complex seem unique, many people battle with it daily. Recognizing the symptoms, confiding in trusted supports, and seeking professional treatment as needed can make all the difference between living with uncertainty and hesitation or confidence and self-worth.

Additional Resources

Education is just the first step on our path to improved mental health and emotional wellness. To help our readers take the next step in their journey, Choosing Therapy has partnered with leaders in mental health and wellness. Choosing Therapy may be compensated for marketing by the companies mentioned below.

Online Therapy 

BetterHelp – Get support and guidance from a licensed therapist. BetterHelp has over 20,000 therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy.  Complete a brief questionnaire and get matched with the right therapist for you. Get Started

Virtual Psychiatry

Hims / Hers – If you’re living with anxiety or depression, finding the right medication match may make all the difference. Get FDA approved medication prescribed by your dedicated Hims / Hers Healthcare Provider and delivered right to your door. Plans start at $25 per month (first month)*. Get Started

Mental Health Newsletter

A free newsletter from Choosing Therapy for those interested in mental health issues and fighting the stigma. Get helpful tips and the latest information. Sign Up

Reduce Drinking

Sunnyside – Want to drink less? Sunnyside helps you ease into mindful drinking at your own pace. Think lifestyle change, not a fad diet. Develop new daily routines, so you maintain your new habits for life. Take a 3 Minute Quiz

Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for marketing by BetterHelp, Sunnyside, and Hims / Hers. *Hims / Hers Disclaimer: Subscription required. After first month, price is $85/month for a monthly subscription or $49/month for a three-month subscription ($123 for first order, $147 billed quarterly thereafter). Subscription automatically renews unless you cancel at least 7 days before renewal is processed.

For Further Reading

  • Best Books on Confidence
  • The Love Yourself Project
  • National Association for Self-Esteem
  • Self-Esteem Rising

Inferiority Complex Infographics

Inferiority Complex Definition Signs and Symptoms of an Inferiority Complex Factors Connected to Inferiority Complex

Treatment Options for Inferiority Complex

7 sources

Choosing Therapy strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full editorial policy.

  • American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA Dictionary of Psychology – Inferiority Complex. Retrieved from https://dictionary.apa.org/inferiority-complex

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA.

  • American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA Dictionary of Psychology – Superiority Complex. Retrieved from https://dictionary.apa.org/inferiority-complex

  • Hirao K. (2014). Comparison of Feelings of Inferiority among University Students with Autotelic, Average, and Nonautotelic Personalities. North American Journal of Medical Sciences. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193149/.

  • Better Health Channel. (2014, August 21). Self-Esteem. Retrieved from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/self-esteem.

  • National Institute of Mental Health. (July 2018). Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml.

  • Scarf, Maggie. (1921, February 28). The Man Who Gave Us ‘Inferiority Complex,’ ‘Compensation,’ ‘Overcompensation,’ ‘Aggressive Drive’ And ‘Style of Life.” New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/28/archives/the-man-who-gave-us-inferiority-complex-compensation.html

update history

We regularly update the articles on ChoosingTherapy.com to ensure we continue to reflect scientific consensus on the topics we cover, to incorporate new research into our articles, and to better answer our audience’s questions. When our content undergoes a significant revision, we summarize the changes that were made and the date on which they occurred. We also record the authors and medical reviewers who contributed to previous versions of the article. Read more about our editorial policies here.

  • Originally Published: July 1, 2021
    Original Author: Eric Patterson, LPC
    Original Reviewer: Naveed Saleh, MD, MS

  • Updated: November 22, 2022
    Author: No Change
    Reviewer: No Change
    Primary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. Added “How Long Do Feelings of Inferiority Last?”, revised “Complications of an Inferiority Complex” and “How to Overcome Feelings of Inferiority”. New material written by Silvi Saxena, MBA, MSW, LSW, CCTP, OSW-C and reviewed by Kristen Fuller, MD.

Recent Articles

Tokophobia: Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Tokophobia (Fear of Pregnancy): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Tokophobia is a fear of pregnancy and childbirth that affects approximately 6-10% of pregnant women. Women with tokophobia feel...
';
Fear of Cancer: Signs, Causes, & How to Overcome
Fear of Cancer: Causes, Treatments, & How to Overcome
Fear of cancer is bred by our understanding that cancer is vicious, unpredictable, and a death sentence. Having a...
';
Hemophobia (Fear of Blood): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Hemophobia (Fear of Blood): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Hemophobia is an extreme and irrational fear of blood that often involves fainting, a unique symptom not part of...
';
Cynophobia (Fear of Dogs) Symptoms, Treatments, and How to Cope
Cynophobia (Fear of Dogs): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Cynophobia is an extreme, irrational fear of dogs that can drastically impact a person’s life, routines, and well-being, making...
';
Agoraphobia: Signs, Symptoms & Treatments
Agoraphobia: Signs, Symptoms & Treatments
People with agoraphobia avoid specific public places or situations because they anticipate having anxiety or a panic attack and...
';
Somniphobia (Fear of Sleep): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Somniphobia (Fear of Sleep): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Somniphobia, also known as fear of sleep, is generalized as a cross-over of anxiety and insomnia. There is typically...
';
Headshot of Eric Patterson, LPC
Written by:

Eric Patterson

LPC
Headshot of Naveed Saleh, MD, MS
Reviewed by:

Naveed Saleh

MD, MS
  • What Is an Inferiority Complex?Definition
  • Signs of an Inferiority ComplexSigns
  • Inferiority Complex SymptomsSymptoms
  • What Causes an Inferiority Complex?Causes
  • How Long Do Feelings of Inferiority Last?Timeline
  • Complications of an Inferiority ComplexComplications
  • How to Overcome Feelings of InferiorityOvercome
  • Final Thoughts on Inferiority ComplexesConclusion
  • Additional ResourcesResources
  • Inferiority Complex InfographicsInfographics
If you are in need of immediate medical help:
Medical
Emergency
911
Suicide Hotline
800-273-8255
See more Crisis Hotlines
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Write for Us
  • Careers
  • Editorial Policy
  • Advertising Policy
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • No Surprises Act
For immediate help call:
Medical Emergency:
911
Suicide Hotline:
988
Click For More Crisis Hotlines
For immediate help call:
Medical Emergency:
911
Suicide Hotline:
811
See more Crisis Hotlines
here
logo
This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information:
verify here.
This website is certified by Health On the Net Foundation. Click to verify.
Choosing Therapy Logo
We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit Cookie Settings to provide controlled consent. Cookie settings ACCEPT
Privacy & Cookies Policy

Privacy Overview

We use cookies to facilitate website functionality. Also, we use third-party cookies to track your website behavior and target advertising. These cookies are stored in your browser only with your consent, and you have the choice of opting out.
Necessary
Always Enabled

Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.

Non Necessary

Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.

Save & Accept