• Mental Health
    • Anxiety
    • Depression
    • Bipolar Disorder
    • ADHD
    • Addiction
      • What is Addiction?
      • What Are Behavioral Addictions?
      • Addiction vs Dependence
      • Addiction Myths vs Facts
      • Addiction Statistics
      • How to Help a Friend
      • Find an Addiction Specialist
    • Eating Disorders
    • Personality Disorders
      • Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
        • OCD vs. OCPD
    • Trauma
      • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
        • PTSD & COVID-19
      • Childhood Trauma
    • Sexual Disorders
      • Anorgasmia
      • Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)
      • Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
      • Premature Ejaculation (PE)
      • Delayed Ejaculation
    • Schizophrenia
  • Therapy Techniques
    • Online Therapy
      • Best Online Therapy
      • Online Therapy for Teens
      • Best LGBTQ Online Therapy
      • Best Online Therapy for Insurance
    • Psychotherapy
    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
      • CBT for Anxiety
      • CBT for Social Anxiety
      • CBT for Panic Disorder
      • CBT for Insomnia
      • CBT Online
    • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
      • DBT for Teens
    • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
    • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
      • EMDR for PTSD
      • EMDR for Anxiety
      • EMDR Online
    • Art Therapy
    • Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
    • Exposure and Response Prevention
    • Group Therapy
    • Hypnotherapy
    • Motivational Interviewing
    • Person Centered Therapy
    • Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
    • Sex Therapy
  • Types of Therapists
    • Faith-Based & Christian Counselors
    • Life Coaching
    • Family Therapist
      • Child & Teen Counseling
    • Marriage & Couples Counselors
      • Premarital Counseling
    • Psychiatrist
      • Psychology vs. Psychiatry
    • Psychotherapist
    • Grief Counselors
    • Online Therapists
  • Starting Therapy FAQ
    • Does Therapy Work?
      • How to Find a Therapist
      • Helping a Friend or Loved One
    • How to Choose a Therapist
      • Finding a Black Therapist
      • Finding a Latinx Therapist
      • Finding an LGBTQ-Friendly Therapist
      • Finding a Therapist as a Young Adult
      • Finding an Online Therapist
    • Preparing for Your First Session
    • Types of Mental Health Professionals
    • Mental Health Insurance
      • HSAs for Therapy
      • Sliding Scale Therapy Fees
    • Mental Health in the Workplace
      • Asking for a Mental Health Day
      • Taking Time Off for Mental Health
    • Top Mental Health Organizations
      • Mental Health Resources Outside the U.S.
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Policy
    • Advertising Policy
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us
    • Write for Us
    • Join the Directory
    • Careers
  • Therapist Directory
    • Find a Therapist
    • Join the Directory
    • Directory Login
  • Mental Health
    • Anxiety
    • Depression
    • Bipolar Disorder
    • ADHD
    • Addiction
      • What is Addiction?
      • What Are Behavioral Addictions?
      • Addiction vs Dependence
      • Addiction Myths vs Facts
      • Addiction Statistics
      • How to Help a Friend
      • Find an Addiction Specialist
    • Eating Disorders
    • Personality Disorders
      • Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
        • OCD vs. OCPD
    • Trauma
      • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
        • PTSD & COVID-19
      • Childhood Trauma
    • Sexual Disorders
      • Anorgasmia
      • Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)
      • Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
      • Premature Ejaculation (PE)
      • Delayed Ejaculation
    • Schizophrenia
  • Therapy Techniques
    • Online Therapy
      • Best Online Therapy
      • Online Therapy for Teens
      • Best LGBTQ Online Therapy
      • Best Online Therapy for Insurance
    • Psychotherapy
    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
      • CBT for Anxiety
      • CBT for Social Anxiety
      • CBT for Panic Disorder
      • CBT for Insomnia
      • CBT Online
    • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
      • DBT for Teens
    • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
    • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
      • EMDR for PTSD
      • EMDR for Anxiety
      • EMDR Online
    • Art Therapy
    • Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
    • Exposure and Response Prevention
    • Group Therapy
    • Hypnotherapy
    • Motivational Interviewing
    • Person Centered Therapy
    • Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
    • Sex Therapy
  • Types of Therapists
    • Faith-Based & Christian Counselors
    • Life Coaching
    • Family Therapist
      • Child & Teen Counseling
    • Marriage & Couples Counselors
      • Premarital Counseling
    • Psychiatrist
      • Psychology vs. Psychiatry
    • Psychotherapist
    • Grief Counselors
    • Online Therapists
  • Starting Therapy FAQ
    • Does Therapy Work?
      • How to Find a Therapist
      • Helping a Friend or Loved One
    • How to Choose a Therapist
      • Finding a Black Therapist
      • Finding a Latinx Therapist
      • Finding an LGBTQ-Friendly Therapist
      • Finding a Therapist as a Young Adult
      • Finding an Online Therapist
    • Preparing for Your First Session
    • Types of Mental Health Professionals
    • Mental Health Insurance
      • HSAs for Therapy
      • Sliding Scale Therapy Fees
    • Mental Health in the Workplace
      • Asking for a Mental Health Day
      • Taking Time Off for Mental Health
    • Top Mental Health Organizations
      • Mental Health Resources Outside the U.S.
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Policy
    • Advertising Policy
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us
    • Write for Us
    • Join the Directory
    • Careers
  • Therapist Directory
    • Find a Therapist
    • Join the Directory
    • Directory Login
Skip to content

Claustrophobia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

Published: July 16, 2020 Updated: February 20, 2023
Published: 07/16/2020 Updated: 02/20/2023
Headshot of Matthew Witter, Psy.D.
Written by:

Matthew Witter

Psy.D.
Headshot of Maloa Affuembey, MD
Reviewed by:

Maloa Affuembey

MD
  • Signs of ClaustrophobiaSigns
  • Symptoms of ClaustrophobiaSymptoms
  • Causes of ClaustrophobiaCauses
  • Treatments for ClaustrophobiaTreatments
  • Dealing With a Claustrophobia-Induced Panic AttackPanic Attack
  • How to Get Help for ClaustrophobiaGet Help
  • Claustrophobia Tests, Quizzes, and Self-Assessment ToolsQuizzes
  • Additional ResourcesResources
Headshot of Matthew Witter, Psy.D.
Written by:

Matthew Witter

Psy.D.
Headshot of Maloa Affuembey, MD
Reviewed by:

Maloa Affuembey

MD

Claustrophobia is referred to as a type of Specific Phobia categorized within the anxiety disorder cluster and is a fear of tight or enclosed spaces. This can include an elevator, small room, very crowded space, airplane or subway train, tunnel, car wash, bathroom stall, and even in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine.

Treatments can include exposure therapy, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), medication, and relaxation skills. The length of treatment varies based on the severity of claustrophobia symptoms, but a good ballpark is between 6-18 weekly therapy sessions.1

Face your fears with the support of a therapist. BetterHelp has over 20,000 licensed therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy. BetterHelp starts at $60 per week. Complete a brief questionnaire and get matched with the right therapist for you.

Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for marketing by BetterHelp

Visit BetterHelp

Signs of Claustrophobia

Anxiety in different areas of life can be common, as it is the most prevalent mental disorder in the U.S. What sets claustrophobia apart is that people have an irrational fear of small spaces, which can sometimes lead to a panic attack.

Feelings of claustrophobia can be triggered by entering an elevator, a small windowless room, or even an airplane. Wearing tight-necked clothing may also cause feelings of claustrophobia in some individuals. A person with claustrophobia knows the fear is irrational, but even thinking about the fear causes anxiety. Many people will go out of their way to avoid the situation that causes anxiety (For example, taking the stairs instead of the elevator, or taking a car instead of the train).1

Symptoms of Claustrophobia

Claustrophobia is different for everyone. It can be intense anxiety or a full-blown panic attack. Symptom severity depends on how many situations cause anxiety, how long an individual has suffered from claustrophobia, and amount of treatment that was sought.

Symptoms of claustrophobia can include:4

  • Shortness of breath
  • Fast heartbeat
  • Sweating
  • Shaking
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Dry mouth
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Ringing in ears
  • Choking feeling
  • Nausea
  • Confusion
  • Chest pain

When an individual is having severe symptoms, these feelings can be very frightening, as they feel they will faint, are losing control or dying even if there is no life-threatening risk.

Panic attacks are intense and peak within a few minutes. Panic symptoms can include shortness of breath, sweating, chest pain and tightness. These symptoms are similar to a heart attack, and many people with claustrophobia may seek medical attention, only to find that there is no physical cause of these symptoms.3,4

Causes of Claustrophobia

Research is unclear on the exact cause of claustrophobia. Some link it to genetics being passed down through a family, and others say it could be linked to a childhood history of bullying or another traumatic event, particularly if the event includes being locked in enclosed spaces (for example, a closet or small locker). If an individual suffers from another anxiety disorder they may be more likely to develop claustrophobia.3

Panic attacks can accompany claustrophobia; a person may get panic attacks randomly, but in claustrophobia, it will be because of a feared situation. When someone experiences a panic attack, they have the urge to leave the situation immediately, and this reinforces the need to avoid the feared situation.

Another factor may be a defect in a gene called GPM6A that some researchers believe makes an individual prone to claustrophobia.1

If someone has a traumatic experience such as bullying, abuse, or harsh punishment, they are more likely to develop stress-related symptoms, which can include panic, sweating, and nausea when encountering the feared situation. When seeking help or considering one’s own symptoms, it is important to reflect on one’s childhood experiences to see if any major event may have triggered claustrophobic reactions.

Treatments for Claustrophobia

There are several treatment options for phobias that primarily revolve around Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This type of treatment focuses on a person’s thoughts and behaviors as they relate to developing the symptoms of claustrophobia. Other common therapies include Exposure Therapy and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET), and medication may also be used to manage symptoms.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is one of the most effective treatments for claustrophobia and usually lasts between 5-10 sessions. The individual identifies situations that trigger undue anxiety, and arrange them in a hierarchy from most triggering to least triggering. This is sometimes referred to as a fear hierarchy. 

They identify unhelpful thought patterns and work to replace them with more realistic, and many times positive, ways of thinking about these situations. Identified fears are addressed from least triggering (for example, being in a car) to most triggering (for example, an elevator), building confidence as they work up the hierarchy until they no longer fear enclosed spaces.1,5

Exposure Therapy

Exposure Therapy exposes the client to the phobias that frighten them. It is believed that phobias are maintained because of avoidance of the phobic stimuli so that the individual does not realize that they can actually tolerate the fear. The fear will reduce without having to escape or avoid it, and the terror they fear will happen when in the feared space actually won’t come true.

Avoidance can occur, for example, by taking the stairs instead of the elevator, or drinking alcohol before a flight. Exposure therapy can be done in real life or in imagination, where you have the client imagine themselves in the feared situation (For example, imagining one is stepping into an elevator).5,6

Virtuality Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET)

VRET is an exposure technique in which a patient is put in a virtual environment that provokes anxiety. It is important that the virtual world produces the same fear and anxiety similar to real-world situations. This technique can greatly help therapists who don’t have the resources or time to work with patients outside the therapy office. It is also more helpful than to have the person imagine the situations in the therapy office.

VRET is not used by many therapists due to its costs, as equipment and hardware can be expensive. Researchers continue to find ways to make VRET more affordable and accessible.5,7

Medication

Medication is primarily prescribed by a psychiatrist or general practitioner (GP). If provided by a psychiatrist, your GP may need to send a referral for you to see a psychiatrist. It is important to check with your insurance provider on their policy.

Medications are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy but are not representative of a cure themselves. Medication can offer short-term relief but does not treat the underlying origin of the disorder. If utilized alone, when someone stops using the medication, claustrophobia symptoms may return.

The two types of medications prescribed for claustrophobia are antidepressants and antianxiety agents:

Antidepressants

These medications can be beneficial when anxiety is relentless and unbearable. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are used most frequently. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the brain that influences mood, and the purpose of SSRIs is to make serotonin more readily available in the brain, which can be helpful in reducing anxiety. Common types of SSRI medications include Zoloft, Paxil, and Lexapro.

Anti-Anxiety Medications

Anti-anxiety medications reduce the physiological symptoms that come with anxiety. Benzodiazepines are medications that can be used to treat episodes of anxiety and can give relief quickly. They have the potential to be addictive, and are prescribed with caution. Common types of benzodiazepines include Xanax, Klonopin and Valium.8,9

Online Psychiatry and Medication Management Covered By Insurance

Talkiatry offers psychiatric appointments with real doctors within a week. They’re in-network with every major insurer and offer medication management. Take the assessment and meet your new psychiatrist.

Choosing Therapy is compensated for marketing by Talkiatry.

Free Assessment

Relaxation Skills

Relaxation skills are a great tool for managing anxiety. In essence, the therapist teaches relaxation skills to help the person cope with the panic and fear that accompanies claustrophobia. The most effective relaxation skills used are deep breathing, grounding, imagery, and progressive muscle relaxation.

Deep Breathing

This technique can seem unnatural for many people, as most people tend to take shallow breaths which can actually cause a sensation of being short of breath and anxious. When you take deep breaths, air fills your lungs and you can feel your lower belly rise. Deep breaths allow the lungs to get a full supply of oxygen and this benefit is reflected as the heart rate slows down and blood pressure stabilizes.10

Grounding

This technique involves being aware of your surroundings, turning your attention away from your anxiety and focusing instead on the world around you. This helps us relax more and be better able to focus on what we are doing.

One particular grounding technique is called “5-4-3-2-1,” in which you focus on:

  • 5 things you can see
  • 4 things you can feel
  • 3 things you can hear
  • 2 things you can smell
  • 1 thing you can taste11

Imagery

This technique can vary by therapist, but involves having the person think about a peaceful situation in their past when they are not anxious (for example, a day at the beach or camping with family) and have them recreate this scene in detail. By thinking of this peaceful image, individuals can reduce anxious body reactions as they imagine what it felt like to be at peace in that moment.12

Progressive Muscle Relaxation

This technique involves tensing a muscle of your body while inhaling and then exhaling and relaxing the muscle (for example fists, shoulders, legs). A good rule of thumb is to tense as hard as you can for 5 to 10 seconds then relax your muscle(s). This technique is helpful in reducing tense feelings in the body during an anxious state or anxiety attack.13

Dealing With a Claustrophobia-Induced Panic Attack

A panic attack begins abruptly with a fear trigger. If you feel a panic attack coming on, it is important to tune in to your breath, calm your body, and counter your negative or anxious thoughts. It is also helpful to have an encouraging support system.

Typical symptoms of a panic attack can include:

  • Fast or pounding heart
  • Tightening throat
  • Nausea
  • Sweating
  • Dizziness
  • Feeling hot or cold
  • Pins and needles sensation
  • chest pain
  • shaking
  • Short of breath

Panic attacks can produce emotional experiences like feelings of detachment, unreality, and feelings that one is dying. Panic attacks usually peak within 10 minutes and then reduce. Many people link panic attacks to having a heart attack, or heart defect, and will go to the hospital emergency room.

To help control panic attacks, it’s important to calm your breath and relax your body. Utilizing some of the relaxation skills discussed previously can be very helpful. In addition, it’s important to remind yourself that you are physically fine and not dying, that this feeling will pass, and that you can overcome this.

Tuning in to your breathing and surroundings is also beneficial. In preventing panic attacks you must reduce your overall stress levels. One way to do this is to counter any negative or anxious thoughts that come up throughout your day, not just during a panic attack. You should remind yourself that these thoughts are the anxious you, and write them down and challenge these inaccurate thoughts.

For example, if I have the thought “I will never overcome my anxiety,” a counter thought can be, “Am I 100% certain this is true, can I not think of one example where I was successful?” By countering these thoughts, you will begin to develop a habit of thinking more positively and realistically, thus calming your body.

Lastly, lifestyle adjustments like physical activity, adequate sleep, yoga, and social support can also help to prevent panic attacks. This involves having a consistent walking or exercise schedule, making sure to get seven to nine hours of sleep a night, and eating a healthy diet.

In addition, having designated friends or loved ones to reach out to when you are stressed can help keep a calm atmosphere. By engaging in these healthy activities you can significantly reduce the risk of panic attacks and severe anxiety when in a potentially anxiety-producing situation.14

How to Get Help for Claustrophobia

If you or someone you care about is struggling with claustrophobia, getting treatment is recommended. If you have health insurance you can find a therapist that accepts your insurance, and you would just need to pay a copay. Depending on where you live, paying a therapist’s full fee rate without insurance can cost anywhere between $85-$250 a session.

If your insurance has “out of network benefits,” which allow you to see a therapist not covered by your plan, you would pay the full session fee and then get reimbursed by your insurance for a portion, or sometimes the whole fee. Calling the number on the back of your insurance card or going online to use the insurance company’s search tool will result in a list of providers close to you.

You can search for therapists in an online directory and specify “Anxiety Issues,” “Exposure Response Prevention,” “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,” as well as age group. In addition, anxiety disorder clinics or anxiety disorder treatment organizations are more likely to have experience treating claustrophobia.

When searching Google, it is recommended you search for “anxiety treatment centers near me” to find a list of anxiety-focused clinics in your area. When finding the right therapist it is recommended that you call at least 10 providers in your area to ask questions, see if they are accepting new patients, see if their availability matches yours (for example, sessions during the evenings or on weekends), and whether they have specific experience in treating claustrophobia or specific phobias.15

Claustrophobia Tests, Quizzes, and Self-Assessment Tools

There are no formal quizzes or tests to determine whether an individual suffers from claustrophobia. Current online quizzes that may give you an idea whether you may have claustrophobia are:

  • Anxiety Disorder Test Your Fear Level
  • UCLA OCD Phobia Test

Additional Resources

Education is just the first step on our path to improved mental health and emotional wellness. To help our readers take the next step in their journey, Choosing Therapy has partnered with leaders in mental health and wellness. Choosing Therapy may be compensated for marketing by the companies mentioned below.

Talk Therapy 

Online-Therapy.com – Get support and guidance from a licensed therapist. Online-Therapy.com provides 45 minutes weekly video sessions and unlimited text messaging with your therapist for only $64/week. Get Started

Virtual Psychiatry

Talkiatry – Get help from a real doctor that takes your insurance. Talkiatry offers medication management and online visits with top-rated psychiatrists. Take the online assessment and have your first appointment within a week. Free Assessment

Anxiety Newsletter

A free newsletter from Choosing Therapy for those impacted by anxiety. Get helpful tips and the latest information. Sign Up

Learn Self Calming Techniques

Mindfulness.com – Change your life by practicing mindfulness. In a few minutes a day, you can start developing mindfulness and meditation skills. Free Trial

Choosing Therapy Directory 

You can search for therapists by specialty, experience, insurance, or price, and location. Find a therapist today.

Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for marketing by Online-Therapy.com, Talkiatry, and Mindfulness.com

For Further Reading

  • National Alliance on Mental Illness
  • Mental Health America
  • Center for Anxiety
  • Anxiety and Depression Association of America
  • National Alliance on Mental Health
  • MentalHealth.gov
15 sources

Choosing Therapy strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full editorial policy.

  • Casarella, J (2019). What is claustrophobia? Retrieved from: https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/claustrophobia-overview/

  • Keep Your Child Safe (2020, June 21st). Claustrophobia in children. Retrieved from: https://www.keepyourchildsafe.org/fear/claustrophobia-in-children.html

  • Black, R (2019) Claustrophobia (fear of small spaces): Are you claustrophobic? Retrieved from: https://www.psycom.net/claustrophobia-claustrophobic-fear-of-small-spaces

  • Fritscher, L (2020) What is claustrophobia (fear of enclosed spaces)? Retrieved from:
    https://www.verywellmind.com/claustrophobia-2671681

  • Cognitive Behavior Therapy Los Angeles (2020, June 21st) Claustrophobia treatment. Retrieved from: https://cogbtherapy.com/claustrophobia-treatment/

  • Society of Clinical Psychology Division 12, American Psychological Association (2020, June 21st). Exposure therapies for specific phobias. Retrieved from: https://www.div12.org/treatment/exposure-therapies-for-specific-phobias/

  • Botella, C., Villa, H., Banos, R., Perpina, C., Garcia-Palacios, A (1999) The Treatment of claustrophobia with virtual reality: Changes in other phobic behaviors not specifically treated. Journal of Cyberpsychology and Behavior. 2(2). 135-141. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19178249/

  • Smith, T (2020) Claustrophobia treatment. Retrieved from: https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/claustrophobia/treatment/

  • Ballenger, J (2020, June 21st) Retrieved from: https://anxieties.com/152/introduction-common-medications-for-anxiety-disorders

  • Harvard Health Publishing (2018). Relaxation techniques: Breath control helps quell errant stress response. Retrieved from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/relaxation-techniques-breath-control-helps-quell-errant-stress-response

  • Therapist Aid, LLC (2018). Grounding Techniques. Retrieved from: https://www.therapistaid.com/worksheets/grounding-techniques.pdf

  • Good Therapy (2016). Guided Therapeutic Imagery. Retrieved from: https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/guided-therapeutic-imagery

  • WedMd (2020). Progressive Muscle Relaxation for Stress and Insomnia. Retrieved from: https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/muscle-relaxation-for-stress-insomnia

  • Catherine, S (2020, June 21st) Claustrophobia and panic attacks. Retrieved from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-and-Panic-Attacks.aspx

  • Psychology Today (2020, June 21st). Retrieved from: psychologytoday.com

Recent Articles

Tokophobia: Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Tokophobia (Fear of Pregnancy): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Tokophobia is a fear of pregnancy and childbirth that affects approximately 6-10% of pregnant women. Women with tokophobia feel...
';
Fear of Cancer: Signs, Causes, & How to Overcome
Fear of Cancer: Causes, Treatments, & How to Overcome
Fear of cancer is bred by our understanding that cancer is vicious, unpredictable, and a death sentence. Having a...
';
Hemophobia (Fear of Blood): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Hemophobia (Fear of Blood): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Hemophobia is an extreme and irrational fear of blood that often involves fainting, a unique symptom not part of...
';
Cynophobia (Fear of Dogs) Symptoms, Treatments, and How to Cope
Cynophobia (Fear of Dogs): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Cynophobia is an extreme, irrational fear of dogs that can drastically impact a person’s life, routines, and well-being, making...
';
Fear of Bees (Melissophobia): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
Fear of Bees (Apiphobia): Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope
The fear of bees (apiphobia) is a severe and intense terror brought on by not only bees themselves but...
';
Scarcity Mindset: What It Is, Causes, & How to Overcome It
A scarcity mindset is characterized by a belief that one has limited resources or is unable to provide for...
';
Headshot of Matthew Witter, Psy.D.
Written by:

Matthew Witter

Psy.D.
Headshot of Maloa Affuembey, MD
Reviewed by:

Maloa Affuembey

MD
  • Signs of ClaustrophobiaSigns
  • Symptoms of ClaustrophobiaSymptoms
  • Causes of ClaustrophobiaCauses
  • Treatments for ClaustrophobiaTreatments
  • Dealing With a Claustrophobia-Induced Panic AttackPanic Attack
  • How to Get Help for ClaustrophobiaGet Help
  • Claustrophobia Tests, Quizzes, and Self-Assessment ToolsQuizzes
  • Additional ResourcesResources
If you are in need of immediate medical help:
Medical
Emergency
911
Suicide Hotline
800-273-8255
See more Crisis Hotlines
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Write for Us
  • Careers
  • Editorial Policy
  • Advertising Policy
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • No Surprises Act
For immediate help call:
Medical Emergency:
911
Suicide Hotline:
988
Click For More Crisis Hotlines
For immediate help call:
Medical Emergency:
911
Suicide Hotline:
811
See more Crisis Hotlines
here
logo
This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information:
verify here.
This website is certified by Health On the Net Foundation. Click to verify.
Choosing Therapy Logo
We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit Cookie Settings to provide controlled consent. Cookie settings ACCEPT
Privacy & Cookies Policy

Privacy Overview

We use cookies to facilitate website functionality. Also, we use third-party cookies to track your website behavior and target advertising. These cookies are stored in your browser only with your consent, and you have the choice of opting out.
Necessary
Always Enabled

Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.

Non Necessary

Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.

Save & Accept