Video Games & Depression: What Is the Connection?

What Is the Link Between Video Games & Depression?

The link between video games and depression is complex and multifaceted. While video games themselves do not directly cause depression, there are several ways in which they can heighten the risk of developing or worsening depressive symptoms. People who play video games must maintain a balanced approach to gaming and be mindful of its potential impact on their mental well-being.

How Could Video Games Cause Depression?

Research does not currently suggest that video games can cause depression, but they can worsen symptoms in someone who is already susceptible to depression. Excessive gaming removes a person from their real-life responsibilities, relationships, and emotions, resulting in numbness and social isolation. Additionally, gaming can reduce a person’s physical activity and disrupt sleep patterns, which are both known contributors to depressive symptoms.

Here are ten ways video games can exacerbate depression:

1. Video Game Addictions

The addictive nature of video games, particularly those with reward systems and microtransactions, can lead to compulsive gaming behaviors. If left unchecked, these behaviors disrupt important life activities such as work, education, and personal relationships, leading to feelings of inadequacy, as well as diminishing real-world relationships and support systems.

2. Escapism

Video gaming can be a form of escapism and avoidance behavior, which involve the deliberate effort to disengage from or avoid facing challenging or distressing real-life situations or emotions. People may use gaming to escape the emotional pain and challenges associated with depression. While this escape can provide temporary relief, it doesn’t address the root causes of depression and can perpetuate feelings of helplessness and disconnection from reality.

Additionally, by constantly seeking distractions or numbing activities, someone may miss opportunities for personal growth, problem-solving, and seeking support from others. This avoidance pattern can reinforce feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, core components of depression.

3. Social Dependency

Excessive dependence on social interactions via online video games with other players can be a risk factor for depression when these dependencies prevent a person from making meaningful connections offline. Online connections fail to provide the desired emotional support or fulfillment in the other environments a person will be in, such as work, school, and home. This can lead to feelings of inadequacy, isolation, and rejection, all of which are common triggers for depressive symptoms.

4. Exposure to Violence

Some games contain violent or distressing themes that, when played excessively, can contribute to heightened depressive symptoms. Additionally, research suggests that exposure to violent or explicit content in video games can lead to increased aggression and desensitization to the consequences of harmful behaviors, raising concerns about the long-term effects of such exposure on mental well-being.

5. Negative Social Engagement

Negative social interactions within the online gaming community can significantly impact an individual’s mental well-being, potentially exacerbating or triggering depression. These harmful exchanges frequently involve elements such as verbal abuse, cyberbullying, discrimination, or fostering a hostile gaming environment that consistently undermines one’s self-esteem and overall emotional equilibrium. Being anonymous online can make people feel more confident in saying mean things without facing immediate consequences, which continues the cycle of harm. Being exposed to these negative social dynamics can make someone feel worthless and isolated, contributing significantly to the onset or exacerbation of depression.

6. Decreased Social Interaction

Spending extended hours in front of a screen will reduce face-to-face social interactions, potentially leading to loneliness, especially when gamers neglect other important aspects of their lives, such as work, school, or relationships.¹ Loneliness and a lack of social interaction can contribute to depressive feelings.

7. Financial Stress

Financial stress related to gaming can be a significant trigger for depression, particularly when someone overspends on in-game purchases, microtransactions, or subscription fees. The allure of virtual rewards or cosmetic items within games can lead to impulsive spending, often exceeding one’s budget. As the financial consequences pile up, they may struggle to meet essential expenses, such as bills or daily necessities. This financial strain can evoke guilt, shame, and anxiety associated with depression.

8. Academic or Career Neglect

When people prioritize gaming over their educational or professional responsibilities, they may face academic setbacks, job performance issues, or even job loss. These consequences can lead to feelings of inadequacy, failure, and hopelessness, hallmark features of depression. The sense of purpose and accomplishment from academic or career achievements is compromised, which may cause someone to spiral into self-doubt and self-criticism. This neglect can create a vicious cycle where the negative impact on one’s academic or professional life contributes to or worsens depressive symptoms.

9. Sleep Deprivation

Poor sleep contributes to depression. Due to the addictive nature of video games, someone may ignore their body’s tired signals and stay up for an extra few hours to complete the current level they are on. Over time, these few hours begin to accumulate and result in chronic sleep deprivation. Additionally, excessive screen use can disrupt sleep patterns, as the blue light emitted by screens can interfere with the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle, leading to sleep disturbances.

10. Decreased Physical Activity

A natural consequence of video game play is a steep decrease in physical activity. A lack of exercise and depression are directly related because exercise releases endorphins and improves mood. This lack of physical activity increases the risk of depression. Additionally, reduced physical activity also reduces the amount of natural sunlight a person will be exposed to, which is also linked to depressive symptoms.

Are There Benefits of Video Games for Depression?

Playing video games can have benefits for individuals with depression. Some “mental health games” are designed to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve mood by incorporating mindfulness techniques, soothing visuals, and calming music. Even non-specialized video games can provide a sense of accomplishment and social connection, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression. However, moderation is important because excessive gaming can have adverse effects.

Here are some ways video games can alleviate depression:

Depression & Anxiety Relief

Gaming can temporarily escape the overwhelming emotional burdens of depression and anxiety, allowing people to immerse themselves in captivating virtual worlds. This escape can provide a much-needed respite and distraction from negative thoughts and stressors, promoting relaxation and reducing immediate feelings of distress.

Improved Self Esteem

Playing video games can offer a pathway for individuals with low self-esteem to improve their self-worth and confidence. Many games give players a sense of achievement as they progress, conquer challenges, and earn rewards. These accomplishments can be particularly meaningful for someone struggling with self-doubt, as they offer tangible evidence of their capabilities and competence. Overcoming obstacles within the game world can be helpful in reinforcing a sense of accomplishment that may be lacking in other areas of life.

Online multiplayer games often allow individuals to collaborate with or compete against others, providing opportunities for positive social interactions, skill-sharing, and developing a supportive gaming community. This sense of belonging and connection can contribute to improved self-esteem by fostering a sense of acceptance and validation, which can be transformative for those grappling with feelings of inadequacy. However, it’s crucial to strike a balance and ensure that gaming doesn’t become a sole source of validation, as healthy self-esteem ultimately requires a well-rounded approach to personal growth and self-acceptance beyond the gaming realm.

Brain Training

Video games can be effective tools for brain training and cognitive improvement. Many games are designed to challenge players’ problem-solving abilities, memory, spatial awareness, and strategic thinking. Players can enhance their cognitive skills and boost their brain’s processing speed by engaging in these mental exercises.³

Benefits of brain training include:³

• Improved reaction time
• Enhanced memory
• Sharper focus and attention
• Better problem-solving skills
• Increased cognitive flexibility
• Enhanced spatial awareness
• Stress reduction

Sense of Accomplishment & Purpose

Video games can be a potent ally in alleviating depression by fostering a sense of purpose and accomplishment. For people grappling with depression, pursuing in-game goals and objectives can provide a tangible source of achievement that may be lacking in other aspects of life. Successfully overcoming in-game challenges, completing quests, or achieving high scores can boost self-esteem and increase motivation, offering a positive counterpoint to the pervasive feelings of worthlessness often associated with depression. This sense of purpose and progress can create a rewarding feedback loop, reinforcing a feeling of competence and the motivation to tackle real-life challenges outside the gaming world.

Engaging in Play

Video games offer adults a unique opportunity to engage in play, a concept strongly advocated by Brené Brown in her book The Gifts of Imperfection. Playing video games can encompass exploration, creativity, and experimentation, allowing people to temporarily shed their adult responsibilities and embrace a sense of freedom and joy. Engaging in these playful experiences can be therapeutic for those dealing with depression, as it fosters moments of unburdened self-expression and can help reconnect with a sense of authenticity and creativity. By embracing the spirit of play, adults can tap into their inner child and find solace in the immersive and imaginative worlds that many video games offer, providing a valuable respite from the constraints of adulthood and the weight of depression.

How to Protect Your Mental Health While Gaming

While video games can offer a range of benefits and enjoyable experiences, it’s crucial to strike a balance and ensure that gaming habits promote mental well-being rather than hinder it. By adopting mindful approaches, setting boundaries, and integrating healthy habits into their gaming routines, individuals can harness the positive aspects of gaming while mitigating the risk of depression-related challenges.

The following tips can help protect your mental health while playing video games:

Get Enough Sleep

Adequate rest is important for mental health and ensures that your brain functions optimally, helping you manage stress and regulate your emotions. It also allows you to approach gaming with a refreshed mindset, reducing the risk of negative feelings and frustration that can contribute to or exacerbate depression. A healthy sleep routine typically involves 7-9 hours of uninterrupted sleep per night, enabling you to maintain a balanced approach to gaming and overall well-being.

Set Alarms for Scheduled Non-Gaming Time

Setting alarms helps establish boundaries and promotes a balanced lifestyle. By designating specific periods for rest, social interaction, and self-care, you can reduce the risk of isolation, sleep disruption, and neglect of other life responsibilities that can contribute to depression. This approach ensures that gaming remains an enjoyable and fulfilling leisure activity rather than a potential source of emotional distress.

Balance With Physical Activity

Regular exercise not only promotes physical health but also releases endorphins, which are natural mood boosters. Incorporating physical activity into your routine can counteract the sedentary nature of gaming and improve overall well-being. Exercise also impacts depression, reducing the risk of developing or worsening symptoms. This balance might involve setting aside time each day for physical exercise, whether it’s a brisk walk, yoga, or a strength training routine, to ensure that your gaming habits don’t lead to a more sedentary and potentially depressive lifestyle.

Engage in Mindful Gaming

Engaging in mindful gaming involves staying aware of your emotions and reactions while playing, allowing you to address potential triggers for depression. It means taking breaks to assess your mood, recognizing when frustration or negative thoughts arise, and practicing relaxation techniques like deep breathing or mindfulness exercises. By approaching gaming with self-awareness and focusing on enjoyment rather than competition or escapism, you can reduce the risk of gaming contributing to or worsening depression and instead use it as a positive form of entertainment and stress relief.

Choose Your Games Wisely

Opt for games that align with your preferences and values, avoiding those that trigger excessive stress, frustration, or negative emotions. It’s essential to assess the emotional impact of a game and select those that promote enjoyment and relaxation rather than compounding feelings of inadequacy or hopelessness. By being selective about the games you play, you can ensure that your gaming experiences contribute positively to your mental well-being and reduce the risk of depression-related challenges.

Continue to Engage in Social Interactions

Engaging in social interactions involves maintaining connections with friends and family outside of the gaming world, balancing online gaming with face-to-face social activities, or joining online gaming communities that promote positive interactions. Social engagement fosters a sense of belonging, reduces feelings of isolation, and provides emotional support, all of which are essential for preserving mental well-being and preventing gaming-related depression.

Maintain Self-Care Routines

Self-care routines involve prioritizing activities like exercise, meditation for depression, and hobbies beyond gaming to ensure a well-rounded approach to well-being. By dedicating time to self-care, you can nurture your mental and emotional health, reducing the risk of becoming overly engrossed in gaming and neglecting other aspects of life that can contribute to depression. This balanced approach helps create a buffer against the potential negative impacts of excessive gaming and promotes overall mental resilience.

Speak to a Mental Health Professional

If you notice that your gaming habits are negatively impacting your mental health or contributing to depressive symptoms, reaching out to a therapist who specializes in depression can provide valuable guidance and strategies. These professionals can help you develop a plan so that gaming remains a source of enjoyment and entertainment without compromising your mental well-being.

Treatment Options for Video Game Depression

Treatment options for video game-related depression aim to address both depressive symptoms and excessive gaming behavior. Treatment approaches will vary based on the individual’s age. Children may benefit from parental involvement, while adults would likely benefit from group therapy, providing a community of individuals who understand and face similar challenges. In severe cases, antidepressants may be considered to manage depression effectively.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression can be effective in helping individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors contributing to depression and gaming addiction. Alternatively, parent coaching is a great option for a child who is struggling with video game depression, as it gives the parent tools for how to help their child during this process.

When to Seek Professional Help for Depression

It’s important to seek professional support when someone suspects their video game use contributes to or worsens their depression. Some signs that it may be time to consult a mental health professional include a noticeable decline in daily functioning, persistent sadness or hopelessness, withdrawal from real-world relationships, or disruptions in work, school, or other important responsibilities. When the negative impact of gaming on mental health becomes apparent, reaching out to a therapist specializing in depression can be an essential step toward recovery.

Online therapist directories or online therapy platforms can be excellent resources for finding a therapist with expertise in depression. These platforms often offer a wide range of licensed therapists who can provide remote counseling and support tailored to individual needs.

If medication management becomes necessary for severe or treatment-resistant depression, consulting a psychiatrist is recommended. Online psychiatrist options can also be viable for individuals seeking prescription medications for depression, as they provide convenient access to board-certified psychiatrists who can assess, diagnose, and prescribe appropriate medications while monitoring their effects through virtual appointments.