Is Anxiety Neurodivergent? Research-Based Answers

What Is Neurodivergence?

Neurodivergence is a term used to describe natural variations in how individuals think, learn, and process information. It recognizes that neurological differences, such as autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, etc. are simply part of the normal spectrum of human diversity. Neurodivergent individuals often have unique strengths, perspectives, and ways of experiencing the world that can contribute to society in meaningful ways.

It’s important to note that being neurodivergent does not mean there is something wrong with a person. Rather, it highlights that their neurological makeup is different from the societal norm, and they may require different types of support, accommodations, or understanding to thrive and reach their full potential. Embracing neurodiversity promotes inclusivity and recognizes the inherent value and worth of every individual, regardless of their neurological differences.

Signs and symptoms of neurodivergence include:

• Atypical social interactions or difficulties in social communication
• Sensory processing differences and prone to sensory overload
• Repetitive behaviors or restricted interests
• Difficulties with attention, focus, or impulsivity
• Challenges with executive functioning, such as organization or planning
• Differences in learning style or academic performance
• Language or communication differences, including speech delays or echolalia
• Heightened or reduced sensitivity to stimuli, such as sound, touch, or light
• Emotional regulation challenges, including anxiety, depression, or mood swings
• Unique talents, strengths, or areas of intense interest
• Difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication

Common types of neurodivergent disorders include:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Dyslexia (specific learning disorder in reading)
• Dyscalculia (specific learning disorder in mathematics)
• Dyspraxia (developmental coordination disorder)
• Tourette syndrome (TS)
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Sensory processing disorder (SPD)
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar disorder

Is Anxiety Neurodivergent?

Anxiety itself is not considered neurodivergent. While anxiety is not classified as neurodivergent, new research has shed light on the potential overlap between anxiety and neurodivergent conditions.¹ For example, one study suggests that individuals with autism may be more prone to experiencing anxiety as a result of the social and sensory difficulties associated with their condition.²

Other research states that about 50% of individuals with autism and 80% of individuals with ADHD experience a mood or anxiety disorder.^3,4 While this research provides valuable insights, it’s important to note that further studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between anxiety and neurodivergence.

Anxiety & Co-Occurring Neurodivergent Disorders

Research indicates a high prevalence of co-occurring anxiety in individuals with neurodivergent disorders.¹ The reasons for this co-occurrence can be multifaceted. Neurodivergent conditions often involve challenges with social interactions, sensory sensitivities, and atypical cognitive processing, which can contribute to heightened anxiety.

It’s essential to note that neurodivergence does not solely cause anxiety. Rather, it is likely a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors that contribute to both neurodivergence and anxiety. The relationship between neurodivergent disorders and anxiety underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and tailored interventions that address both conditions simultaneously.

Neurodivergent disorders that commonly co-occur with anxiety include:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): The social and sensory challenges associated with ASD, such as difficulties in social interactions and heightened sensitivity to stimuli, can contribute to increased anxiety levels.
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The impulsivity, hyperactivity, difficulties with attention, and executive dysfunction in ADHD can create added stressors, leading to a higher likelihood of anxiety symptoms.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): The intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors characteristic of OCD can generate significant distress and anxiety for individuals with this disorder.
• Specific learning disorders: The difficulties in learning, processing information, or coordination associated with specific learning disorders can lead to increased stress and anxiety, especially in academic or performance-related situations.
• Tourette syndrome (TS): The presence of involuntary tics, along with potential challenges in social interactions and low self-esteem, can contribute to heightened anxiety in individuals with TS.

How to Know If You Are Neurodivergent

Recognizing if one is neurodivergent typically involves seeking a professional evaluation. Various healthcare professionals can help in this process, including psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and developmental specialists. Signs that may indicate neurodivergence can vary depending on the specific condition but generally include atypical social interactions, sensory sensitivities, repetitive behaviors, learning difficulties, executive function challenges, or unique talents and strengths.

Individuals who suspect they may be neurodivergent should consider seeking an assessment to obtain a formal diagnosis and gain a better understanding of their neurodivergent traits. A professional evaluation can provide valuable insights, guidance, and support tailored to an individual’s unique needs and experiences.

When to Seek Professional Support

Therapy can be an effective option, and seeking a therapist experienced in treating anxiety and neurodivergent conditions is beneficial. Look for therapists specializing in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and who have experience working with neurodiverse individuals. Online therapist directories or online therapy platforms can be a good choice for finding a neurodiverse-affirming therapist, as they often provide search filters to help find professionals with specific expertise.

In My Experience

There is a correlation between neurodivergence and anxiety. Typically, the specific symptoms that come up with neurodivergence can cause anxiety due to societal expectations and norms. Seeking help and treatment can be difficult due to the many steps it takes to find an affordable therapist specializing in this population.

However, managing not only the symptoms related to your neurodivergent disorder but also your anxiety can lead to a happier and healthier life. When working with neurodivergent clients that experience anxiety, I start by working on acceptance of your diagnosis, understanding how to experience your symptoms in a way that isn’t shameful, and learning to cope with the stress.