Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety are two conditions that often occur together. Research suggests that as many as 50% of people with ADHD may also have an anxiety disorder.1 Experiencing symptoms of both conditions can be challenging, and many may feel confused about how to manage them effectively. However, there are many treatment options available to help a person cope.
What’s the Link Between ADHD and Anxiety?
Research suggests that those with ADHD are more likely to have an anxiety disorder at a rate much greater than the general population.1 Adult ADHD and anxiety share some similar symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating, trouble sleeping, and irritability, among others. However, there are key differences between the two as well. Anxiety disorders cause fear or worry that’s disproportional to actual risks involved, whereas someone with ADHD might not experience such disturbances.
Can ADHD Cause Anxiety?
While having ADHD cannot solely cause anxiety, there is a high correlation that those with ADHD may experience anxiety symptoms as they struggle to stay on task. This in turn can create worry about reaching deadlines, completing household chores, etc.
Does ADHD Make Anxiety Worse?
When people with ADHD experience anxiety, it is common that their symptoms are intensified as they tend to be easily distracted. Anxiety may become worse as feelings of overwhelm related to completing necessary tasks, making appointments, and fulfilling obligations increase.
ADHD vs. Anxiety
Because ADHD and anxiety can present in similar ways, it’s important to recognize the signs and symptoms of each separate diagnosis to receive proper treatment. ADHD and anxiety differ from each other greatly overall.
Typical symptoms of ADHD include:
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
- Forgetfulness
- Inability to sit still
Typical symptoms of anxiety include:
- Chest pain
- Cold or sweaty hands or feet
- Restlessness
- Sleep related concerns (too much or too little)
- Nausea
Signs of Comorbid ADHD & Anxiety
While each condition can occur separately from one another, it is not uncommon for ADHD and anxiety to occur together. Being mindful and aware of co-occurring symptoms will have a significant impact on the way in which you receive proper support in order to lead a healthier life.
Signs that you might have both anxiety and ADHD might include:
- Being easily irritated
- Social isolation
- Fidgeting often
- Being fearful of trying new things
- Overanalyzing and not taking action
How Are Comorbid ADHD & Anxiety Treated?
Although ADHD and anxiety can have a substantial impact on a person’s life, there are several options available for treatment. Having access to both therapy and medication can help a person lead a much healthier and structured life. However, different medications will lead to different results, so having an appropriate knowledge of how each prescription works in conjunction with one another is important.
People should also recognize the signs and symptoms related to their medication and the potential side effects of combining both.
Treatment options for comorbid anxiety and ADHD include:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT helps a person reframe anxious thoughts and focus on adopting healthier behaviors and mindsets.
- Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT): DBT helps an individual address harmful ways of thinking by teaching mindfulness and coping skills.
- Group therapy: Group therapy can be beneficial, as participants can hear about others’ struggles similar to theirs and learn helpful tips for managing symptoms.
- SSRI medication*: While these medications are often given to those with depression, they can be helpful for symptoms of depression sometimes present in both anxiety and ADHD.
- Anti-anxiety medication: These medications help an individual feel more balanced rather than continuously restless or worried.
*This medication has a black box warning, the most serious kind of warning from the FDA for a risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in certain people. You should talk with your doctor about these risks before starting this medication.
Effects of ADHD Medication on Your Anxiety
If you’ve been diagnosed with comorbid ADHD and anxiety, it’s possible that your doctor will prescribe certain medications for each condition. For example, stimulants are often prescribed to those who have been diagnosed with ADHD but can actually heighten anxiety symptoms.2 There comes a point when a doctor may recommend using therapy interventions over medications due to these negative interactions.
Will a Doctor Prescribe a Combination of ADHD & Anxiety Medication?
A doctor may explain that one medication will not address every symptom you are experiencing. It is common that a person with both ADHD and anxiety may require multiple prescriptions in order to find symptom relief. For instance, stimulants may help address distractibility or impulsivity, but they won’t necessarily help with underlying anxiety problems.2 Therefore, consult with your doctor to find a regimen that works best for you, and be sure to note any changes in your body or mood.
How to Cope With ADHD & Anxiety
While seeking professional help is critical, it’s also helpful to find ways to cope with combined symptoms of ADHD and anxiety on your own to reduce stress related to your daily challenges.3
Below are some tips for coping with ADHD and anxiety:
Schedule Unstructured Time
Schedule a time for unstructured activities so you can tap into your creativity; find a space where you feel at peace, free of any responsibilities or obligations. Prioritize taking this break and do not make plans that overlap with this allotment. During this time, allow yourself to do anything that brings you joy at the moment.
Exercise & Move Your Body
Moving your body releases endorphins which help to boost your overall mood. In doing so, you may feel less anxious and more grounded in the present moment. Take time for physical activity everyday, even if for only a few minutes.
Organize Your Space
Having a clean and organized space can help you feel more at ease, relaxed, and less anxious. Having a neat and structured environment allows a person with anxiety and ADHD to feel more in control of their life.
Reframe Your Thoughts
Negative thoughts can confine us to a mental space of overwhelm and stress with a pattern of unhealthy beliefs and ideas. Take a step back, reframe your thoughts, and replace them with positive alternatives.
Final Thoughts
It’s important to remember that it’s not uncommon for people with ADHD to have anxiety, and vice versa. In fact, many people with ADHD also experience symptoms of anxiety. If you think you might have both conditions, it’s best to talk to your doctor about treatment options as soon as possible so that you can get back on track with your life.
ADHD & Anxiety Infographics
