What Is Psychiatry? Definition, Treatments, & What to Consider

What Is a Psychiatrist?

Psychiatrists are medical doctors specializing in diagnosing and treating mental health disorders. These licensed professionals have completed extensive training in medical interventions and clinical psychiatry.

Psychiatrists can provide various treatments, including medication management, psychotherapy, and alternative therapies, to help individuals manage psychiatric illnesses. They play a crucial role in supporting mental health and work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to provide the best possible care for patients.

Psychiatrist Vs. Psychologist

Both psychiatrists and psychologists are mental health professionals but offer different treatments. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who have completed medical school and specialized residency training in psychiatry. They can prescribe medications and focus more on biological and medical aspects of mental health disorders.

Psychologists typically have doctoral degrees in psychology and are not medical doctors. They specialize in providing therapy and counseling for individuals with mental health concerns. Psychologists use various therapeutic techniques to help clients address their emotional and psychological challenges. They may work in private practice, schools, or other mental health settings.

Psychiatrist Vs. Therapist

Like psychologists, therapists provide talk therapy and psychological counseling to help individuals manage their mental health concerns. While these professionals can have different levels of training and specialties, they cannot prescribe medications like psychiatrists. Instead, they focus more on therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, or marriage counseling.

Neurologist Vs. Psychiatrist

The main difference between psychiatrists and neurologists is their focus of study and residency-specialized training. Neurologists are experts in diagnosing and treating disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. They address the physical aspects of neurological conditions such as strokes, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson’s disease. Neurologists use various diagnostic tests and imaging techniques to assess and treat these disorders, often recommending medications or physical therapies.

In contrast, psychiatrists specialize in understanding and addressing psychological, emotional, and behavioral health. Psychiatrists learn to evaluate and diagnose mental health conditions, develop treatment plans, and provide therapy approaches.

What Does a Psychiatrist Study?

A psychiatrist studies the field of psychiatry, which focuses on the diagnosis, management, and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Their studies include learning about the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors impacting mental health. To become a psychiatrist, individuals must undertake medical school training followed by specialized training in psychiatry.

Psychiatric subspecialties include:

• Addiction psychiatry
• Sleep medicine
• Consultation-liaison psychiatry
• Child psychiatry
• Geriatric psychiatry
• Forensic psychiatry
• Pain medicine
• Emergency psychiatry

What Does a Psychiatrist Do?

A psychiatrist can evaluate patients, conduct thorough assessments, and diagnose mental health conditions based on symptoms, personal history, and other relevant information. Psychiatrists then develop individualized treatment plans, which may include a combination of therapy, medication management, and other interventions to address the specific needs of their patients.

In addition to providing direct patient care, psychiatrists collaborate with other healthcare professionals, including psychologists, social workers, and primary care providers, to ensure comprehensive and integrated care. They may also engage in clinical research, teaching, and advocacy to advance the mental health field and improve access to quality treatment.

Below are common conditions a psychiatrist may diagnose or treat:

• Anxiety disorders
• Depressive disorders
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Personality disorders
• Addictions
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Bipolar disorder
• Eating disorders
• Substance use disorders
• Sleep disorders
• Schizophrenia

Treatments Offered By Psychiatrists

Psychiatrists offer various treatment options to address mental health disorders, including psychotherapy, medication management, and other interventions. Psychotherapy helps address psychological factors contributing to mental health conditions, while psychotropic medications can help alleviate symptoms. Psychiatrists may also guide lifestyle modifications, coping strategies, and self-care practices to support overall well-being.

Do Psychiatrists Offer Therapy?

Psychotherapy (talk therapy) involves discussing and interacting with a psychiatrist to address psychological, emotional, and behavioral concerns. While psychiatrists primarily focus on diagnosing and managing mental health disorders, many also provide therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. However, some psychiatrists specialize solely in medication management and refer their patients to psychologists or other therapists for psychotherapy, depending on their practice and personal preferences.

Below are common psychotherapies offered by psychiatrists:

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on identifying and addressing negative thought patterns and behaviors to help individuals develop healthier coping strategies and achieve positive behavioral changes.
• Interpersonal therapy: Interpersonal therapy concentrates on improving relationships and communication skills by targeting specific relationship issues and life transitions.
• Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT): Dialectical behavior therapy combines CBT with mindfulness techniques to help individuals with emotional regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and self-awareness.
• Couples or family counseling: These psychiatrists work with couples or family members to address relationship issues, improve communication, and enhance family dynamics.
• Problem-solving therapy (PST): Problem-solving therapy helps individuals develop effective problem-solving skills to manage specific life stressors and challenges, encouraging adaptive coping strategies and goal-oriented approaches.
• Mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MBCT): Like DBT, MBCT integrates CBT with mindfulness to promote self-awareness, acceptance, and emotional regulation.
• Psychodynamic therapy: Psychodynamic therapy explores the unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts that may contribute to distress to foster insight, understanding, and personal growth.

Can Psychiatrists Prescribe Medication?

Medication management is a critical part of psychiatry. Psychiatrists receive a comprehensive education in pharmacology during their years of medical training and residency. They have the authority to prescribe a wide range of medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiety medications.

Psychiatrists work closely with patients to assess symptoms, make accurate diagnoses, and develop a personalized treatment plan, which may include medication management in addition to psychotherapy or other interventions as needed.

Below are medications a psychiatrist can prescribe:

• Antidepressants
• Antipsychotics
• Hypnotics
• Mood stabilizers
• Stimulants

What Additional Treatments Do Psychiatrists Offer?

Psychiatrists may offer treatment options beyond medication and psychotherapy. Available treatment options depend on the specific diagnosis, medical history, and other factors. The psychiatrist will make informed suggestions based on their clinical judgment and expertise.

Psychiatrists may also provide treatment methods, such as:

• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): ECT involves inducing controlled seizures through electrical currents under general anesthesia. ECT can be effective when other treatment methods have not yielded satisfactory results, like treatment-resistant depression.
• Light therapy: Light therapy can help treat seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and other conditions related to insufficient exposure to natural daylight. Special light sources mimic natural sunlight to help regulate circadian rhythm and improve mood.
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): TMS is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific brain areas. TMS is an FDA-approved treatment for depression.
• Deep brain stimulation (DBS): DBS involves surgically implanting electrodes in specific brain areas and delivering electrical pulses to regulate abnormal brain activity. DBS can improve treatment-resistant Parkinson’s disease and certain types of severe mental health disorders.
• Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS): VNS stimulates the vagus nerve to boost mood regulation and emotional well-being. This procedure may help modulate neurotransmitters and neural circuits involved in mood and cognition to improve chronic depression and epilepsy.

Where Do Psychiatrists Work?

Psychiatrists can provide psychiatric treatment in many settings. In hospitals, psychiatrists often work in specific units or departments to provide patients with specialized interventions. Psychiatric clinics and community mental health centers offer outpatient services, including assessments, therapy, and medication management.

Some psychiatrists may own private practices to offer individualized care in a more personalized setting, often catering to patients seeking long-term treatment. Additionally, psychiatrists can work in academic institutions where they may contribute to the field through teaching and research.

Below are locations where a psychiatrist may work:

• Hospital
• Courts or prisons
• Specialized clinics
• Psychiatric hospitals
• Rehabilitation facilities
• Government agencies
• Private practices
• Hospice programs

When to See a Psychiatrist

Consider seeing a psychiatrist if you experience persistent symptoms of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or PTSD. A psychiatrist can help you when struggling with emotions, relationships, or daily functioning.

Psychiatrists can also assist you with medication management and provide valuable insights and guidance on treatment options, including therapy approaches or other psychiatric interventions. Before determining the best treatment approach, they can clarify your symptoms via a comprehensive evaluation and accurate diagnosis.

What to Expect From Your First Appointment

Expect to answer a wide range of questions about your mental health history, current symptoms, and personal background. This information can help the clinician form an accurate diagnosis and develop a tailored treatment approach.

The first appointment can last about an hour, and the psychiatrist may inquire about your daily routine, medical history, and past mental health treatments. They may also assess if physical health conditions could contribute to your mental health symptoms. You will also discuss treatment options and goals while reviewing information about possible medication (if applicable).

How to Find a Psychiatrist

Finding a psychiatrist can be overwhelming, but several options are available to help individuals locate providers. One option is to check with an insurance provider to see which psychiatrists are in-network. Alternatively, individuals can consult their primary care physician for a referral or recommendation.

Online therapist directories can provide a comprehensive list of local providers, including their specialties, credentials, and contact information. These directories often include patient reviews and ratings, allowing users to assess whether a specific clinician suits their needs. Organizations like the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) can provide resources for those without primary care physicians or health insurance.

In My Experience

As a clinical social worker, I have seen the importance of psychiatric mental health services. Often, mental health stigma prevents people from seeking professional help, causing them to suffer unnecessarily. A psychiatrist offering personalized care and support provides individuals with effective treatment to address their unique needs. While choosing a psychiatrist may seem daunting, utilizing the available resources and support can aid in navigating the path to improved mental health and overall well-being.