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  • What Is Ring of Fire ADD?What Is Ring of Fire ADD?
  • Is It an Official Diagnosis?Is It an Official Diagnosis?
  • Common SymptomsCommon Symptoms
    • Ring of Fire Vs. BipolarRing of Fire Vs. Bipolar
  • What Causes It?What Causes It?
  • When to Seek HelpWhen to Seek Help
  • Treatment OptionsTreatment Options
  • In My ExperienceIn My Experience
  • InfographicsInfographics
  • Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources
ADHD Articles ADHD ADHD Medication Online ADHD Treatment

Ring of Fire ADD: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

Headshot of Elizabeth Yoak, LMHC

Author: Elizabeth Yoak, LMHC, NCC

Headshot of Elizabeth Yoak, LMHC

Elizabeth Yoak LMHC

Elizabeth specializes in anxiety, trauma, ADHD, and OCD treatment, integrating DBT, CBT, mindfulness, and EMDR for comprehensive care.

See My Bio Editorial Policy
Headshot of Heidi Moawad, MD

Medical Reviewer: Heidi Moawad, MD Licensed medical reviewer

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Heidi Moawad MD

Heidi Moawad, MD is a neurologist with 20+ years of experience focusing on
mental health disorders, behavioral health issues, neurological disease, migraines, pain, stroke, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, and more.

See My Bio Editorial Policy
Published: May 24, 2024
  • What Is Ring of Fire ADD?What Is Ring of Fire ADD?
  • Is It an Official Diagnosis?Is It an Official Diagnosis?
  • Common SymptomsCommon Symptoms
    • Ring of Fire Vs. BipolarRing of Fire Vs. Bipolar
  • What Causes It?What Causes It?
  • When to Seek HelpWhen to Seek Help
  • Treatment OptionsTreatment Options
  • In My ExperienceIn My Experience
  • InfographicsInfographics
  • Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources

Ring of Fire ADD is one of the seven types of ADHD identified by Dr. Daniel Amen. This type of ADHD is characterized by a pattern of overall heightened brain activity, which has been identified on brain SPECT imaging. Symptoms of Ring of Fire ADD include typical symptoms of ADHD and feeling overwhelmed by thoughts or emotions, pressured speech, racing thoughts, and irritability.

Dr. Amen’s 7 types of ADD, including Ring of Fire ADD, are controversial and not widely accepted within the mainstream medical community. There is a lack of scientific evidence that SPECT imaging can diagnose ADHD. Many medical professionals also have concerns about the clinical and ethical soundness of Dr. Amen’s approach to ADHD, as it prioritizes costly scans and supplements over evidence-based treatments.

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What Is Ring of Fire ADD?

Ring of Fire ADHD is #6 of Dr. Amen’s 7 types of ADHD. It is named after the “ring of fire” pattern seen in brain SPECT imaging (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and is characterized by the most intense and chronic symptoms of all types.1 Dr. Amen describes this type of ADHD as having sensory sensitivities, irritability, rapid and increased speech, and racing thoughts.

A SPECT scan is a nuclear imaging test that uses a radioactive tracer that can reveal the level of blood flow in various organs.2 Using a SPECT scan on the brain and looking at this blow flow can evaluate parts of the brain that are underperforming, overperforming, or working as they should.3 Dr. Amen believes that by using SPECT imaging, treatment can be more targeted by tailoring it to the specific subtype of ADHD that an individual has.

Here are Dr. Amen’s seven types of ADHD:

  1. Classic ADD
  2. Inattentive ADD
  3. Over-Focused ADD
  4. Temporal Lobe ADD
  5. Limbic ADD
  6. Ring of Fire ADD (“ADD plus”)
  7. Anxious ADD

Using brain imaging to diagnose ADHD is cautioned against by the majority of medical professionals, and a thorough evaluation of symptoms is needed to diagnose ADHD correctly. One reason for this is that other mental health concerns may overlap with what is observed on brain imaging; for example, depression may also lead to deficits in attention.4

Ring of Fire ADD Vs. Ring of Fire ADHD

When describing the seven types of ADHD, Dr. Amen uses the term ADD instead of ADHD. According to Dr. Amen, not all types of ADHD have hyperactivity, which is why ADD is used instead.1 ADD is an outdated term because the current diagnostic manual, the DSM-5, uses the term ADHD. Most people in the mental health field use ADHD as the most up-to-date term.

Is Ring of Fire ADD an Official Diagnosis?

Although Dr. Amen has identified 7 types of ADHD, including Ring of Fire ADHD, they are not recognized as formal diagnoses in the current DSM-5 and are not officially recognized by the medical and mental health community. The currently recognized diagnosis of ADHD contains 3 subtypes: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. If an individual has the symptoms of Ring of Fire ADHD, they would most likely meet the criteria for hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD.

Ring of Fire ADD Symptoms

Individuals with Ring of Fire ADHD have heightened activity in many parts of the brain, according to brain imaging SPECT scans completed by Dr. Amen. Symptoms of this type of ADHD include more common symptoms of ADHD as well as symptoms specific to this subtype. This type of ADHD is sometimes referred to as “ADD plus” due to being “the most intense of the 7 types of ADD”.5

Common symptoms of Ring of Fire ADD include:

  • Racing thoughts
  • Sensory overload
  • Rejection sensitive dysphoria
  • Emotional dysregulation
  • Impulsivity
  • Irritability
  • Pressured speech
  • Times of increased talkativeness
  • Inflexible thinking
  • Appearing anxious

Ring of Fire ADD Vs. Bipolar Disorder

Ring of Fire ADHD and bipolar disorder may appear to have an overlap in symptoms, but there are key differences between the two. Some of the commonalities between them are racing thoughts, pressured speech, impulsivity, and mood changes. The difference between ADHD and bipolar disorder is that with ADHD, the behavioral difficulties tend to remain consistent. In contrast, bipolar disorder symptoms occur on a cycle. These differences can be observed both in brain imaging data and symptom presentation.1

It is important to note that it is possible for an individual to have both ADHD and bipolar disorder. Recent data has revealed that 1 in 13 adults with ADHD also had bipolar disorder, and 1 in 6 adults with bipolar disorder were also diagnosed with ADHD.7

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What Causes Ring of Fire ADD?

The majority of medical professionals describe ADHD as a type of neurodivergence. However, Dr. Amen believes Ring of Fire ADHD may be due to allergy, infection, or inflammation in the brain.1 Current research does not confirm the stance that inflammation may play in ADHD.

When to Seek Professional Support

No matter the type of ADHD an individual has, seeking professional support is important in helping manage symptoms of ADHD. A professional can help you sort out which treatment route you would like to take, whether it be medications, therapy, or natural remedies for ADHD.

An online therapist directory can help you start your search by filtering for providers who specialize in ADHD. Alternatively, there are many online ADHD treatment services that make finding a therapist or psychiatrist who specializes in ADHD easy and affordable.

Ring of Fire ADHD Treatment

Treatment for Ring of Fire ADHD is tailored to the specific needs that arise from this type’s unique symptoms. Dr. Amen’s treatment recommendations for this type of ADHD include supplements, exercise, anticonvulsants, blood pressure medications, and therapy to challenge automatic negative thoughts.5 Although stimulant medications are often used to treat ADHD, Dr. Amen believes that stimulant medication alone can make Ring of Fire ADHD worse due to the brain already being overstimulated.8

Dr. Amen’s treatment recommendations for ADHD differ from the majority of ADHD experts. Most experts believe that adult ADHD should be treated with behavioral therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and, at times, medication.

Treatment options that Dr. Amen recommends for Ring of Fire ADHD include:

  • Elimination diet: Because this type of ADHD is believed to be due to an allergy or inflammation, an elimination diet can help identify the allergen, according to Dr. Amen.
  • Supplements: A variety of supplements are recommended by Dr. Amen, such as L-tyrosine for ADHD, 5-HTP, and GABA, to boost the neurotransmitters serotonin and GABA.9 Omega-3 fatty acids may also be recommended as they have been shown to be helpful for some ADHD symptoms.10
  • Exercise: 30-45 minutes of exercise can reduce ADHD symptoms.5 According to Dr. Amen, regular physical activity can help to decrease hyperactivity.
  • Medication: Dr. Amen recommends anticonvulsants and blood pressure medications, as he believes they help “calm overall hyperactivity”.5 Most psychiatrists do not agree with Dr. Amen. Instead, stimulants are the most widely prescribed medication for ADHD. They work by acting on the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain and helping to regulate attention.

Effective treatment options for ADHD include:

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT for ADHD can help with negative thinking patterns that an individual may have, as well as behavior modification such as learning time management, organization skills, social skills, and more.
  • Medication: A variety of medications for ADHD may be used, with stimulants being the most widely prescribed. Stimulants work by acting on the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain and helping to regulate attention. Other medications, such as non-stimulants and antidepressants, may also be prescribed.
  • Lifestyle adjustments: In addition to therapy and medication, many lifestyle adjustments can help manage ADHD symptoms. Healthy changes include increasing daily exercise and hydration, improving sleep hygiene, eating an ADHD-friendly diet, and practicing mindfulness.

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Circle Medical offers affordable and accessible ADHD evaluations and treatment. Diagnosis and prescription over video. Insurance accepted and same day appointments are available.

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In My Experience

Headshot of Elizabeth Yoak, LMHC Elizabeth Yoak, LMHC, NCC

“Finding a trusted support team who can help you overcome the challenges that come with ADHD is an important step, no matter the type of ADHD. By working with a team of professionals, they can help tailor treatments to what you need specifically, as described above, with Ring of Fire ADHD. Life with ADHD can be fulfilling, manageable, and enjoyable, even if things seem overwhelming right now.”

Frequently Asked Questions

Who Is Dr. Amen?

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Dr. Amen is an American psychiatrist who is known for using brain SPECT imaging to diagnose individuals with mental health disorders, especially ADHD. The founder of Amen Clinics, Dr. Amen became famous through his appearances on television shows such as Keeping Up With the Kardashians. However, his use of SPECT imaging for diagnosis and his proposed ADHD treatments have been controversial and criticized by many mainstream medical professionals for lacking scientific validation.

What Is the Controversy Surrounding Dr. Amen?

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The controversy surrounding Dr. Amen primarily revolves around his use of SPECT imaging to diagnose and treat psychiatric conditions. The majority of the medical community believes that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of SPECT scans for diagnosing mental health disorders like ADHD. Furthermore, many articles detail how Dr. Amen’s approach requires individuals to spend an exorbitant amount of money on treatments and supplements that lack solid scientific backing.

Sources Update History

ChoosingTherapy.com strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full editorial policy.

  • ADD & ADHD treatment | Attention Deficit Disorder therapy | Dr. Amen Amen Clinics. (n.d.). https://www.amenclinics.com/conditions/adhd-add/

  • SPECT scan – Mayo Clinic. (2024, January 5). https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spect-scan/about/pac-20384925

  • Why SPECT | The Science | Amen Clinics Amen Clinics. (n.d.). https://www.amenclinics.com/approach/why-spect/

  • Thomas, E. J., & Elliott, R. (2009). Brain imaging correlates of cognitive impairment in depression. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 3, 30. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.030.2009

  • How to identify and treat ADD Type 6 | AmEN Clinics | AmEN Clinics AmEN Clinics. (n.d.). https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/a-very-busy-brain-week-6-of-7-ring-of-fire-add/

  • Saccaro, L. F., Schilliger, Z., Perroud, N., & Piguet, C. (2021). Inflammation, anxiety, and stress in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biomedicines, 9(10), 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101313

  • Schiweck, C., Arteaga-Henriquez, G., Aichholzer, M., Thanarajah, S. E., Vargas-Cáceres, S., Matura, S., Grimm, O., Haavik, J., Kittel-Schneider, S., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Faraone, S. V., & Reif, A. (2021). Comorbidity of ADHD and adult bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews/Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 124, 100–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.017

  • What you don’t know about ADHD Medication | AmEN Clinics AmEN Clinics. (n.d.). https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/what-you-dont-know-about-adhd-medication/

  • Supplement and Medication Management | Amen Clinics Amen Clinics. (n.d.). https://www.amenclinics.com/services/supplement-and-medication-management/

  • Natural Ways to Help ADD Without Medication | Amen Clinics Amen Clinics. (n.d.). https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/natural-ways-help-add/

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We regularly update the articles on ChoosingTherapy.com to ensure we continue to reflect scientific consensus on the topics we cover, to incorporate new research into our articles, and to better answer our audience’s questions. When our content undergoes a significant revision, we summarize the changes that were made and the date on which they occurred. We also record the authors and medical reviewers who contributed to previous versions of the article. Read more about our editorial policies here.

May 16, 2025
Author: No Change
Reviewer: No Change
Primary Changes: Added ADHD Workbook with six worksheets.
May 24, 2024
Author: Elizabeth Yoak, LMHC, NCC (No Change)
Medical Reviewer: Heidi Moawad, MD (No Change)
Primary Changes: Fact-checked and edited for improved readability and clarity.
October 26, 2023
Author: Elizabeth Yoak, LMHC, NCC
Original Medical Reviewer: Heidi Moawad, MD
Show more Click here to open the article update history container.

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