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Cyberchondria: Signs, Symptoms, & Treatments

Published: December 16, 2020 Updated: May 11, 2022
Published: 12/16/2020 Updated: 05/11/2022
Headshot of Dianne Grande, Ph.D.
Written by:

Dianne Grande

Ph.D.
Headshot of Kristen Fuller MD
Reviewed by:

Kristen Fuller

MD
  • Signs of CyberchondriaSigns
  • Causes & Triggers for CyberchondriaCauses
  • Strategies for Coping With CyberchondriaCoping
  • When & How to Get Professional HelpGet Help
  • Therapy Options for Cyberchondria & Underlying ConditionsTherapy
  • Cyberchondria StatisticsStatistics
  • Additional ResourcesResources
  • Cyberchondria InfographicsInfographics
Headshot of Dianne Grande, Ph.D.
Written by:

Dianne Grande

Ph.D.
Headshot of Kristen Fuller MD
Reviewed by:

Kristen Fuller

MD

Cyberchondria is a disorder in which a person searches excessively for health care information online, but rather than finding relief for their concerns, diagnoses themselves with a terrible disease and then feels more anxious. The distress caused by the preoccupation is intense enough to cause time lost from work or social obligations.

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The disorder is similar to what used to be called Hypochondria. Hypochondriasis is no longer a diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Instead, approximately 75% of individuals previously diagnosed with hypochondriasis are considered to have the diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder. The remaining 25% have high health anxiety in the absence of somatic symptoms and are classified as having illness anxiety disorder.1

In cyberchondria, there is a preoccupation with having an illness and persistent concerns about one’s health. Medical exams by health professionals and diagnostic tests do not provide adequate assurance of good health. It is not uncommon to have an underlying mental health problem, such as generalized anxiety disorder or depression.

Signs of Cyberchondria

A key feature of cyberchondria is that the person worries about having a serious illness in spite of having minimal or no symptoms.

People with cyberchondria exhibit five characteristic traits:2

  1. A compulsive, unwanted searching for information
  2. Distress caused by the searching behavior, including worry and panic
  3. Excessive time used to search online
  4. Seeking reassurance from a qualified person or source
  5. Mistrust of medical professionals whose advice could be obtained in person

Typical signs that you might be experiencing cyberchondria include:4

  • Your actual symptoms are minor or even absent
  • You spend several hours per day searching online for information about minor health related symptoms that you’re experiencing
  • You are fearful of having at least one serious illness, and possibly several
  • Searching online causes you more fear and anxiety instead of relief
  • You experience an increase in heart rate or sweating or other anxiety-related symptoms when searching
  • You jump to the worst conclusions about your health condition
  • You may have a minor harmless health condition which has been diagnosed, such as a benign cyst, but you worry excessively about the condition.
  • You assume that what you find online is accurate and truthful.

When there are significant somatic symptoms, cyberchondria would not be the correct diagnosis. In the case of significant symptoms without a known medical cause, the diagnosis would likely be Somatic Symptom Disorder.3

Causes & Triggers for Cyberchondria

There are various causes and triggers for cyberchondria, ranging from single traumatic events to chronic unmanaged stress. It is estimated that in the US, up to 9% of the population has had some degree of anxiety related to physical symptoms. As many as 20% have anxiety about their health, regardless of symptoms.5

Common causes and triggers of cyberchondria include:3

  • Being prone to worrying in general—roughly 71% of those with cyberchondria also have a Generalized Anxiety Disorder5
  • Past trauma or tragedy, whether chronic or acute
  • Chronic unmanaged stress
  • Having a close relative (parent, sibling) with Cyberchondria or Illness Anxiety Disorder
  • Heightened awareness of bodily sensations
  • Personal or family history of serious illness
  • Negative experience with a medical professional which led to lack of trust or confidence in physicians
  • Any major life stressor
  • History of having a serious illness, even if recovered from that illness
  • Needing more attention from family or friends

6 Strategies for Coping With Cyberchondria

Coping with cyberchondria requires some self-compassion and a willingness to respond in a new way to health anxiety. Professional help is available for those with persistent or frequent symptoms or excessive anxiety. In addition to considering professional help, there are a number of coping skills that are helpful in getting through an episode of cyberchondria.

Here are six coping strategies that work well for those with cyberchondria:

1. Avoid Self-Shaming

Many individuals with cyberchondria feel embarrassed or ashamed about their tendency to believe that they have a serious illness. This embarrassment can worsen the anxiety and even exacerbate the physical, stress-related symptoms.

2. Be Compassionate to Yourself

Your health related fears come from anxiety that may be deep-seated and long-term. Such fears can be difficult to understand but they are valid feelings.

3. Practice Relaxation Skills

Effective relaxation skills can be self-taught. These include deep breathing exercises, guided imagery, and muscle-tension relaxation exercises.

4. Challenge Your Thoughts About Being Ill

Write down your concern and then write down the evidence against this concern.

5. Talk to Your Physician

Talk to your doctor about your concerns and the anxiety you experience. Get a medical opinion if your concerns persist rather than jump to conclusions about the worst case scenarios.

6. See the Bigger Picture

Realize that there is a lot of misleading information online. Some of it is actually presented in a way to grab your attention and increase your fear.

When & How to Get Professional Help

Cyberchondria can be diagnosed and treated by various healthcare professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers. The person should start with their primary care physician in order to rule out underlying physical causes. There may be a referral to a medical specialist if the physician notes any significant symptoms.

It is possible to have cyberchondria as well as a legitimate medical condition. This could occur when the person’s anxiety about the medical condition is out of proportion to the seriousness of the illness.

After addressing any presenting symptoms, the primary care physician will likely refer the person to a mental health specialist. That provider will make recommendations about the form of therapy that will be helpful.

How to Get Help for a Loved One

When a loved one suffers from cyberchondria, it may be helpful to provide information which reduces their embarrassment about their health anxiety. Many people with cyberchondria feel shame or embarrassment which only worsens their level of anxiety. You might also help to encourage them to get help from a mental health provider, and offer your assistance in doing that.

Here are some tips for getting help for a loved one with cyberchondria:

  • Encourage them to speak to their primary care physician about their symptoms.
  • Encourage them to get help from a mental health professional for their anxiety.
  • Offer them assistance in finding a qualified therapist to work with them.
  • Offer to remind them of appointments with the therapist.
  • Acknowledge that searching for some medical information online is a normal behavior
  • PEW data shows that 61% of the population has done some searching online. 6 However, for some of those individuals. the level of anxiety is excessive and could be better managed
  • Acknowledge that excessive online searching makes anxiety worse and can be managed with help

Common Co-Occurring Disorders

The treatment of cyberchondria is complicated by the fact that about two-thirds of people with this type of disorder are likely to have at least one other psychological disorder.3
Common coexisting disorders that occur alongside cyberchondria include:

  • Somatic Symptom Disorder
  • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
  • Psychosis
  • Certain Personality Disorders (Borderline, Histrionic).

Therapy Options for Cyberchondria & Underlying Conditions

Research has been done to determine the effectiveness of psychotherapy for the symptom identified as “health anxiety.” The following are some types of therapy which have been identified as effective treatments for health anxiety.

Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)

Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has been demonstrated to be a useful addition to “usual services” for patients with health anxiety. Patients who participated in MBCT in addition to usual services showed significantly lower health anxiety than those who received only the usual services. This improvement was apparent immediately after treatment and also at a one year follow-up assessment.7

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy has been shown to be helpful in learning to respond appropriately to harmless or ambiguous signals from one’s body. Clients learn distraction techniques to help them refocus on thoughts unrelated to their health anxiety or symptoms. They also learn relaxation techniques to manage the anxiety and its physical manifestations.8

Medication

Medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been helpful in managing the obsessive thoughts involved in Cyberchondria and Illness Anxiety Disorder. The basis for this treatment is the similarity between Cyberchondria/ Illness Anxiety Disorder and OCD. The same medications which are helpful in treating OCD may be helpful in reducing the obsessive and compulsive aspects of cyberchondria.9

Cyberchondria Statistics

The following statistics were taken from healthresearchfunding.org and were based upon a study of hypochondriasis.4 Although this is an outdated term currently, the statistics provide an overview of the prevalence and nature of health related anxiety.

Consider the following statistics regarding cyberchondria:

  • The cost of unnecessary medical exams and diagnostic tests in the US alone has been estimated at $20 billion per year
  • Up to 20% of the US population demonstrates some degree of health anxiety during their lifetimes
  • 71% of people with Cyberchondria/ Illness Anxiety Disorder also have a Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • 45.2% of people with severe health related anxiety also have a Persistent Depressive Disorder
  • 16.7% of people with severe health related anxiety also have Panic Disorder
  • The prevalence of severe health related anxiety is roughly equal for men and women
  • Signs of high health related anxiety usually begin in early adulthood
  • 61% of US residents have searched for medical information online at some point in their lives

Additional Resources

Education is just the first step on our path to improved mental health and emotional wellness. To help our readers take the next step in their journey, Choosing Therapy has partnered with leaders in mental health and wellness. Choosing Therapy may be compensated for referrals by the companies mentioned below.

BetterHelp Online Therapy – BetterHelp has over 20,000 licensed therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy. BetterHelp starts at $60 per week. Complete a brief questionnaire and get matched with the right therapist for you. Get Started

Talkspace Online Therapy – Online therapy is convenient with Talkspace. Get therapy for as little as $69 per week, or potentially much less if you have insurance from Cigna, Optum, or UHR. Try Talkspace

Choosing Therapy’s Directory – Find an experienced therapist who is committed to your wellbeing. You can search for a therapist by specialty, availability, insurance, and affordability. Therapist profiles and introductory videos provide insight into the therapist’s personality so you find the right fit. Find a therapist today.

Online Psychiatry & Medication – Answer a few questions and Talkspace will match you with an online prescriber and get schedule a video psychiatry session. Your online psychiatry prescriber will personalize your treatment, which may include psychiatric medication and follow-ups. Get started for $249 or see if your insurance is one of many Talkspace accepts. Learn More

Mindfulness & Meditation App – Headspace is an easy way to incorporate mindfulness and meditation into your routine. See for yourself how a few minutes each day can impact your stress levels, mood, and sleep. A monthly subscription for Headspace is only $12.99 per month and comes with a 7-day free trial. Try Headspace

Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for referrals by BetterHelp, Talkspace, and Headspace

For Further Reading

The following sources provide information that is specific to Cyberchondria or to the very similar condition, Illness Anxiety Disorder:

  • Cyberchondria.org
  • MedHelp’s Resources for Cyberchondria
  • Mayo Clinic’s article on illness anxiety disorder
  • Mental Health America

Cyberchondria Infographics

Cyberchondria Cyberchondria Definition Number of Americans that Demonstrate Health Anxiety

Signs of Cyberchondria Strategies for Coping With Cyberchondria Diagnosing Cyberchondria

Cyberchondria Treatment Options Getting Help for Cyberchondria

9 sources

Choosing Therapy strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full editorial policy.

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Ed.). Arlington, VA.

  • McElroy, E. & Shevli, M. (2014). The development and initial validation of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28 (2), 259-265. Retrieved from www.cyberchondria.org/cyberchondria-survey

  • Therapedia: Illness Anxiety Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/illness-anxiety-disorder-dsm–5-300.7

  • Summa Health (2020, February 24). Get the Facts on Cyberchondria. Retrieved from https://www.summahealth.org/flourish/entries/2020/02/get-the-facts-on-cyberchondria

  • Health Research Funding (2020). 8 Bizarre Hypochondriasis Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.healthresearchfunding.org/hypochondriasis-statistics/

  • Pew Research. (2010, August 30). Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2010/08/30/e-patients-cyberchondriacs-and-why-we-should-stop-calling-names/

  • American Psychological Association (2012). A randomized clinical trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy versus unrestricted services for health anxiety (hypochondriasis). Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270897

  • Williams, MJ., McManus, F., Muse, K., Williams, J.G. (2011). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis): An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients’ experiences. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1-19. Retrieved from DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2010.02000.x

  • Drug.com (2014). Hypochondriasis Harvard Health topics. Retrieved from http://drugs.com/health-guide/hypochondriais.html

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Headshot of Dianne Grande, Ph.D.
Written by:

Dianne Grande

Ph.D.
Headshot of Kristen Fuller MD
Reviewed by:

Kristen Fuller

MD
  • Signs of CyberchondriaSigns
  • Causes & Triggers for CyberchondriaCauses
  • Strategies for Coping With CyberchondriaCoping
  • When & How to Get Professional HelpGet Help
  • Therapy Options for Cyberchondria & Underlying ConditionsTherapy
  • Cyberchondria StatisticsStatistics
  • Additional ResourcesResources
  • Cyberchondria InfographicsInfographics
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