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Anxiety at Night: Symptoms, Causes, & How to Cope

Published: December 13, 2022 Updated: June 1, 2023
Published: 12/13/2022 Updated: 06/01/2023
Headshot of Shirley Porter, RP, CCC
Written by:

Shirley Porter

RP, RSW, CCC
Headshot of Benjamin Troy, MD
Reviewed by:

Heidi Moawad

MD
  • Why Does Nighttime Anxiety Occur?What Is Nighttime Anxiety?
  • Anxiety at Night SymptomsSymptoms
  • What Causes Anxiety at Night?Possible Causes
  • Impacts of Anxiety Before Bed On the Next DayImpacts
  • How to Cope With Anxiety at NightHow to Cope
  • When to Seek Professional HelpWhen to Seek Help
  • Final ThoughtsConclusion
  • Additional ResourcesResources
Headshot of Shirley Porter, RP, CCC
Written by:

Shirley Porter

RP, RSW, CCC
Headshot of Benjamin Troy, MD
Reviewed by:

Heidi Moawad

MD

Anxiety at night can cause much distress and disruption in your life.  Nighttime anxiety can be associated with rumination, sleep issues, nightmares, nocturnal panic attacks, and heart palpitations.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Tiredness, which reduces our ability to cope with distress, can also result in anxiety being triggered more easily.  Know that there are things you can do to help yourself with nighttime anxiety.

Find a supportive therapist that can help with anxiety. BetterHelp has over 20,000 licensed therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy. BetterHelp starts at $60 per week. Complete a brief questionnaire and get matched with the right therapist for you.

Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for referrals by BetterHelp

Visit BetterHelp

Why Does Nighttime Anxiety Occur?

Nighttime anxiety isn’t a diagnosis but describes what some people experience and may cause insomnia and/or poor sleep quality. Nighttime anxiety and insomnia typically happen for short periods of time and are not always related to an anxiety disorder, but having nighttime anxiety can increase symptoms of anxiety disorders (e.g., GAD or panic disorder).1,5,6 It might also arise due to certain behaviors you engage in or physiological conditions you are experiencing.

Anxiety at Night Symptoms

Anxiety symptoms at night might be similar to or different from the anxiety symptoms you experience during the day.  Although many specific symptoms are associated with anxiety, your experience of nighttime anxiety is unique to you.

Common nighttime anxiety symptoms you might be experiencing include:8

  • Rumination (i.e., repeatedly focusing on specific anxious thoughts)
  • Nightmares
  • Nocturnal panic attacks
  • Racing thoughts at night
  • Heart palpitations
  • Fear of sleeping
  • Insomnia
  • Stomach upset
  • Fear of the worst happening
  • Restlessness
  • Feeling on edge or keyed up

What Causes Anxiety at Night?

Anxiety at nighttime can be caused by several physiological or psychological factors.  It can also be the result of negative thought patterns or behaviors that interfere with the ability of your body and mind to start the process of relaxing and preparing for sleep.

Common causes of nighttime anxiety can be linked to certain behaviors or physiological conditions: 9,8,11,10,12,13

  • Ingesting caffeine in the afternoon or evening (or caffeine addiction): Caffeine is a stimulant which affects the nervous system resulting in increased energy and alertness, and decreased sleep duration and efficiency.
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder: For those for whom trauma happened at night or who experience trauma-related nightmares or night terrors, going to sleep can become terrifying and lead to anxiety before bed.
  • Illness anxiety: If you are a person who struggles with health/illness anxiety, you might experience an increase in nighttime anxiety due to being less busy – which might allow those thoughts to move in and take over.
  • Menopause: Hormonal shifts in the body due to menopause are related to increased anxiety and sleep disturbance.
  • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): PMDD symptoms include increased irritability, sleep problems, anxiety, and feeling overwhelmed.
  • Chronic Pain: Chronic pain is associated with increased anxiety disorders] and sleep difficulties.
  • Somniphobia: Somniphobia or sleep anxiety refers to an extreme fear related to the thought of going to sleep or sleeping.
  • Insomnia: Anxiety often precedes insomnia, and there can be an interplay between the two, with insomnia resulting in more time to worry and the anxiety interfering with your ability to go to sleep and stay asleep.
  • Adjusting to a new medication – Sometimes, as you are adjusting to a new medication, you might experience side effects of increased anxiety, agitation, or “jitteriness” for a time, which can increase your distress when trying to get ready to sleep. These side effects are more common when starting a new antidepressant.

Impacts of Anxiety Before Bed On the Next Day

Anxiety before bed has been linked to insomnia and poor quality and duration of sleep, while similarly, lack of sleep has been found to increase anxiety.1,5,6,16 Individuals experiencing both anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances are more likely to experience the impact of sleep on mental health and have difficulties with daytime functioning, and are more likely to have to take time off work.5

Options For Anxiety Treatment

Talk Therapy – Get help from a licensed therapist. Betterhelp offers online therapy starting at $60 per week. Get matched With A Therapist


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How to Cope With Anxiety at Night

There are things you can do to help yourself to manage symptoms of bad anxiety at night.  Try some of the lifestyle, behavioral, and self-help strategies below to learn how to calm anxiety and help end distressing nighttime anxiety.

Below are 10 ways to minimize nighttime anxiety:

1. Meditation

Meditation for anxiety can improve sleep and reduce the anxiety that keeps you up by helping you to focus your thoughts away from fear and worry and on the present moment instead. It can also help settle your nervous system.

2. Plan Your Evening in Advance

An evening ritual focusing on self-care and preparing yourself to rest can help reduce anxiety.  This might involve staying away from social media and any intense emotional/physical activities at least a half hour before bed and instead doing something soothing or relaxing such as stretching, yoga, meditation, journaling, or taking a warm shower or bath.

A daily evening self-care plan can give you something to look forward to and help guide your thoughts in a more positive direction.  Night anxiety can be reduced by having a positive, predictable nighttime routine.

3. Breathing Exercises

Breathwork, which involves consciously focusing on your breathing, can be effective in the evenings to elicit a deep sense of relaxation throughout your entire body. 14 Mindful breathing exercises require your mind and body to be in the immediate present moment – rather than in the imagined future, where your anxiety and fears are often fixated.

Breathwork can allow you to influence your own nervous system – to move from a nighttime anxiety response to a relaxation response.  You might find that breathwork is an effective way to not only reduce your nighttime anxiety but to reduce your anxiety overall. 14

4. Grounding Techniques

Grounding techniques focus on using your senses (i.e., sight, hearing, touch, smell, and/or taste) to help you to better connect with the present moment – rather than being caught up in your mind and distressing thoughts.

5. Exercise

The mental health benefits of exercise are widely documented.  Exercise of any type can improve your health and mental health.15,16 Exercise improves sleep quality and can reduce anxiety symptoms. 17,18,19

6.  Journaling

Journaling your worries and fears in the evening might help reduce your anxiety.  Journaling for mental health can allow you to identify your anxieties, externalize them (i.e., take them out of your mind and put them on a  page), and provide a place for them to be “contained” outside your thoughts. This might allow for a different perspective that can lead to more objective thinking.

7.  Progressive Muscle Relaxation

Progressive muscle relaxation involves consciously tensing and relaxing specific muscle groups in order from head to toe (or feet to head) to activate the body’s relaxation response.  Progressive muscle relaxation has been shown to reduce stress and tension in body and mind. 20 It has also been found to significantly reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms. 21

8. Yoga

Yoga is a mindfulness-based activity that involves the mind, body, and spirit.  Focused, mindful breathing, physical postures, and thoughts reduce stress; for some, yoga might also reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.

9. Mindfulness

Mindfulness involves consciously focusing, in a non-judgmental and curious way, on the information you get through your senses and thoughts.  It involves noticing what is happening in the present moment – without evaluation or reaction – and accepting what is.  It is similar to watching clouds in the sky…just noticing them without judgment.

10. Self-Soothing

Self-soothing refers to things you can do to comfort and calm yourself through your senses (i.e., sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell).  Some common self-soothing strategies that you might find helpful to reduce your nighttime anxiety include focusing on the comfort provided by:

  • Looking at a picture or video of loved ones or a favorite place
  • Looking at nature
  • Covering yourself with a soft and/or weighted blanket
  • Petting an animal
  • Listening to calming music or a meditation
  • Having a warm (non-alcoholic) drink
  • Lighting a scented candle

When to Seek Professional Help

It is time to consider therapy for your nighttime anxiety if it significantly interferes with your sleep and/or your ability to function in one or more areas of your life (e.g., leading to issues at work, in your relationships, etc.)  This is especially true if you have tried the above-suggested strategies and have not noticed improvement.

Therapy and/or medication might be recommended depending on your individual circumstances and preferences.  If you need help finding a therapist or choosing a professional, you can use an online therapist directory.  You might also want to consult with an online psychiatrist.  Look for a therapist who has expertise in the area of anxiety.

Professional treatment options for anxiety at night might include individual counseling, psychotherapy, and/or medication.

Therapy Options

Some psychotherapy approaches that can help with bedtime anxiety include:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT):  In CBT for insomnia, the therapist works with you to identify thoughts and behaviors that are contributing to your anxiety at night and seeks to reduce or eliminate the anxiety by assisting you in changing these thoughts and behaviors.
  • Exposure Therapy: In exposure therapy, the therapist will initially teach you relaxation techniques, which you will then use as you imagine the situations that trigger your evening anxiety (starting with the least distressing) – until you get to a place where your anxiety response is replaced with a relaxation response.
  • Hypnosis for Sleep: Hypnosis that includes sleep suggestions, and/or a focus on relaxation and stress reduction – is a promising intervention and might be helpful to address your nighttime anxiety, particularly if you also experience insomnia.22
  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): If nighttime anxiety is related to PTSD, EMDR might be an effective therapy to address both the anxiety and PTSD symptoms that interfere with sleep.

Find a supportive therapist that can help with anxiety. BetterHelp has over 20,000 licensed therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy. BetterHelp starts at $60 per week. Complete a brief questionnaire and get matched with the right therapist for you.

Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for referrals by BetterHelp

Visit BetterHelp

Medications

SSRIs and SNRIs are considered to be the first-line pharmacological treatments for anxiety and might be prescribed for severe nighttime anxiety symptoms.  If these are not effective or appropriate for the individual, Benzodiazepines might be considered as medication for anxiety. 23,24

Medications that have been proven to be effective at reducing symptoms of anxiety include:

  • Benzodiazepines: Benzodiazepines are a sedative and hypnotic, but should only be used for 2-4 weeks at most, due to the risk of dependency. 25
  • SSRIs: SSRIs increase the concentration of the neurotransmitter, serotonin, the brain – which impacts mood, sleep, thinking, and movement. 126
  • SNRIs: SNRIs increase the concentration of both neurotransmitters, serotonin (see above) and norepinephrine (which impacts energy level and alertness).

Telehealth Psychiatrist

Alternative Medicine & Herbal Remedies

Alternative medicine and herbal remedies might be interesting to you if you are dealing with nighttime anxiety.  The difficulty with identifying which of these are likely to be effective lies in the limited research on these medicines and remedies and particularly comparing their effects to more traditional medications. 27,28,29 Based on the limited research available, however, there are some natural remedies that have demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms, and thus might help with your nighttime anxiety.

Alternative treatments for nighttime anxiety include:

  • Kava-Kava: a meta-analysis study (which systematically analyzed the results of previous studies) on Kava in relation to anxiety, indicated that its use resulted in a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms.29
  • Ginko Biloba: Two doses of a standardized extract of Ginko Biloba was shown to result in a greater reduction in anxiety symptoms as compared to a placebo.30
  • Passionflower: Passionflower extract has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing anxiety among outpatients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).31
  • Camomile: Camomile extract, when administered over an 8-week period, was found to result in a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms compared to a placebo.32
  • Galphimia glauca: Extract of Galphimia glauca, used as a sedative in traditional Mexican medication, was compared to lorazepam to treat anxiety, and both groups experienced a significant reduction in anxiety, with no differences between groups.33

Final Thoughts

If you are dealing with nighttime anxiety, know that you are not alone.  Several strategies and herbal remedies might provide you with the relief you are looking for.  If these don’t work for you, don’t hesitate to talk with your doctor or a therapist who specializes in anxiety about your concerns.

Additional Resources

Education is just the first step on our path to improved mental health and emotional wellness. To help our readers take the next step in their journey, Choosing Therapy has partnered with leaders in mental health and wellness. Choosing Therapy may be compensated for marketing by the companies mentioned below.

Talk Therapy

Online-Therapy.com – Get support and guidance from a licensed therapist. Online-Therapy.com provides 45 minutes weekly video sessions and unlimited text messaging with your therapist for only $64/week. Get Started

Virtual Psychiatry

Hims / Hers – If you’re living with anxiety or depression, finding the right medication match may make all the difference. Get FDA approved medication prescribed by your dedicated Hims / Hers Healthcare Provider and delivered right to your door. Plans start at $25 per month (first month)*. Get Started

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Choosing Therapy partners with leading mental health companies and is compensated for marketing by Online-Therapy.com, Hims / Hers, and Mindfulness.com. *Hims / Hers Disclaimer: Subscription required. After first month, price is $85/month for a monthly subscription or $49/month for a three-month subscription ($123 for first order, $147 billed quarterly thereafter). Subscription automatically renews unless you cancel at least 7 days before renewal is processed.

For Further Reading

  • Mental Health America
  • National Alliance on Mental Health
  • MentalHealth.gov
  • 20 Natural Remedies for Anxiety – Choosing Therapy
  • 15 YouTube Channels for Anxiety
  • Best Mental Health Apps
  • 63 Journal Prompts for Anxiety & Tips for Getting Started
  • Sleep Foundation: Anxiety and Sleep

Anxiety at Night Infographics

  Common Nighttime Anxiety Symptoms   

33 sources

Choosing Therapy strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full editorial policy.

  • Alvaro, P. K., Roberts, R. M., & Harris, J. K. (2013). A Systematic Review Assessing Bidirectionality between Sleep Disturbances, Anxiety, and Depression. Sleep, 36(7), 1059–1068. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.2810
  • Craske, M. G., & Tsao, J. C. (2005). Assessment and treatment of nocturnal panic attacks. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9(3), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2004.11.003

  • Levitan, M. N., & Nardi, A. E. (2009). Nocturnal panic attacks: clinical features and respiratory connections. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 9(2), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.9.2.245

  • Pillai, V., et al. (2014). A seven day actigraphy-based study of rumination and sleep disturbance among young adults with depressive symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 77(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.05.004

  • Ramsawh, H. J., et al. (2009). Relationship of anxiety disorders, sleep quality, and functional impairment in a community sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(10), 926–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.009

  • Ben Simon, E., et al. (2019). Overanxious and underslept. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(1), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0754-8

  • Uhde, T. W., Cortese, B. M., & Vedeniapin, A. (2009). Anxiety and sleep problems: Emerging concepts and theoretical treatment implications. Current Psychiatry Reports, 11(4), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0039-4

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

  • Greenblum, C. A., Rowe, M. A., Neff, D. F., & Greenblum, J. S. (2013). Midlife women. Menopause, 20(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31825a2a91

  • McWilliams, L. A., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2003). Mood and anxiety disorders associated with chronic pain: an examination in a nationally representative sample. Pain, 106(1), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00301-4

  • Nicholson, B., & Verma, S. (2004). Comorbidities in Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Pain Medicine, 5(suppl 1), S9–S27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2004.04019.x

  • Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., & Breslau, N. (2006). The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression: Exploration of the direction of risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40(8), 700–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.008

  • Sinclair, L. I., et al. (2009). Antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome: systematic review. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(6), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.048371

  • Lalande, L., et al. (2011). Breathwork: An Additional Treatment Option for Depression and Anxiety? Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 42(2), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-011-9180-6

  • Chekroud, S. R., et al. (2018). Association between physical exercise and mental health in 1· 2 million individuals in the USA between 2011 and 2015: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(9), 739-746.

  • Dunn, A. L., & Jewell, J. S. (2010). The Effect of Exercise on Mental Health. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 9(4), 202–207. https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181e7d9af

  • Lederman, O., et al. (2019). Does exercise improve sleep quality in individuals with mental illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 109, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.004

  • Anderson, E., & Shivakumar, G. (2013). Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Anxiety. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00027

  • Carek, Laibstain, S. E., & Carek, S. M. (2011). Exercise for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 41(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.2190/PM.41.1.c

  • Vickers, A., Zollman, C., & Payne, D. K. (2001). Hypnosis and relaxation therapies. The Western journal of medicine, 175(4), 269–272. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.175.4.269
  • Gangadharan, P., & Madani, A. (2017). Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques on Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Undergraduate Nursing Students. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 8(2), 155–163.

  • Chamine, I., Atchley, R., & Oken, B. S. (2018). Hypnosis Intervention Effects on Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 14(2), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6952
  • Bandelow, B., et al. (2008). World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders – First Revision. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 9(4), 248–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622970802465807

  • Dell’Osso, B., Buoli, M., Baldwin, D. S., & Altamura, A. C. (2010). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in anxiety disorders: a comprehensive review of their clinical efficacy. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 25(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1074

  • Lader, M. (2011). Benzodiazepines revisited-will we ever learn? Addiction, 106(12), 2086–2109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03563.x

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  • Kinrys, G., Coleman, E., & Rothstein, E. (2009). Natural remedies for anxiety disorders: potential use and clinical applications. Depression and Anxiety, 26(3), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20460

  • Motti, R., & de Falco, B. (2021). Traditional Herbal Remedies Used for Managing Anxiety and Insomnia in Italy: An Ethnopharmacological Overview. Horticulturae, 7(12), 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120523

  • Pittler, M. H., & Ernst, E. (2003). Kava extract versus placebo for treating anxiety. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2003(1), CD003383. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003383

  • Woelk, H., et al. (2007). Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761® in generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with anxious mood: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41(6), 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.05.004

  • Akhondzadeh, S., et al. (2001). Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 26(5), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00367.x

  • Amsterdam, J. D., et al. (2009). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 29(4), 378–382. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181ac935c
  • Herrera-Arellano, A., et al. (2007). Efficacy and Tolerability of a Standardized Herbal Product from Galphimia glauca on Generalized Anxiety Disorder. A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial Controlled with Lorazepam. Planta Medica, 73(8), 713–717. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-981539

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Best Anxiety Books for Teens
Teen anxiety can look like negative self-talk, sudden shyness, avoiding activities that once brought happiness, and/or reckless behaviors, but...
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Alcohol & Sleep
Alcohol & Sleep: Impacts & How to Cope
Alcohol and sleep are frequently associated together, as alcohol is often used as an aid for sleep and relaxation....
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Completion Anxiety
Completion Anxiety: Signs, Causes, & 8 Ways to Cope
Completion anxiety is a type of anxiety that people experience when they are close to finishing a project or...
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Cheating Dreams
Cheating Dreams: What They Mean & What to Do About Them
Cheating dreams don’t inherently mean your partner is cheating. Trust concerns, resentments, and even your own desires to cheat...
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Night Terrors: Symptoms, Causes, & How to Cope
You might have experienced them: the feeling of waking up in a sweat, heart racing, throat sore from yelling,...
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Stress Dreams
Stress Dreams: What They Are, Causes, & How to Prevent Them
You wake with your heart racing, having just been chased. Your feet were unable to move because they were...
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Headshot of Shirley Porter, RP, CCC
Written by:

Shirley Porter

RP, RSW, CCC
Headshot of Benjamin Troy, MD
Reviewed by:

Heidi Moawad

MD
  • Why Does Nighttime Anxiety Occur?What Is Nighttime Anxiety?
  • Anxiety at Night SymptomsSymptoms
  • What Causes Anxiety at Night?Possible Causes
  • Impacts of Anxiety Before Bed On the Next DayImpacts
  • How to Cope With Anxiety at NightHow to Cope
  • When to Seek Professional HelpWhen to Seek Help
  • Final ThoughtsConclusion
  • Additional ResourcesResources
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