ADHD tends to appear differently in adult men than in other populations. Men don’t typically exhibit intense symptoms of hyperactivity/inattentiveness. However, they experience difficulty with mood regulation, developing healthy sleep routines, heightened procrastination, and a decreased tolerance for frustrations.1 An adult male with ADHD may have trouble sleeping, concentrating, managing their time or work, and become irritable easily.
Whether you or someone you love have gone undiagnosed or you’ve had a diagnosis for most of your life, it can be important to monitor symptoms, as manifestations of ADHD can change as someone ages.
What Is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder featuring a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity that interferes with a person’s overall functioning. Symptoms can be exhibited in a variety of ways depending on different factors, including one’s age and/or gender. ADHD is known to stem from genetic components, but there is no single gene that has been identified as its cause.2
Symptoms of ADHD in Men
Symptoms of ADHD in adult men often include frequent emotional dysregulation, touchiness with criticism or conflict, and/or avoidance behaviors around conflict or emotions. Men with ADHD tend to respond quickly and intensely to things. These reactions can sometimes produce an impression of anger management problems. However, depending on the subtype (inattentive, hyperactive, or combined), signs of ADHD may differ.2
Common ADHD symptoms in men can include the following:
- Difficulty concentrating
- Starting many hobbies or ventures, but not following through fully
- Difficulty managing time and responsibilities
- Shifts in mood or poor emotional regulation
- Chronic procrastination, leading to difficulty at work or school
- Difficulty facing rejection or criticism
- Acting without assessing the negative consequences
- Having to put forth more effort than peers in academic/professional environments
- Often making simple mistakes at work or school
- Blurting out answers or interrupting conversations, leading to difficulty socializing >
- Taking frequent unnecessary breaks
- Restlessness or feeling fidgety constantly
- Often failing to follow along in conversations
ADHD in Women vs. Men
ADHD symptom intensity varies between men and women. Recent studies suggest a diminishing difference in the overall prevalence of subtypes (hyperactive, inattentive, and combined) in the two sexes.3,4 However, the American Psychiatric Association notes that females with ADHD are slightly more likely to present with inattentive symptoms than males.2 Like with many other disorders, manifested differences rely heavily on someone’s roles and expectations within social environments.
Easier & Earlier Diagnosis
Men tend to receive an ADHD diagnosis more frequently and earlier than their female counterparts. This is due to the more overt nature of their symptoms. Masculine behaviors are typically more noticeable and exacerbate stereotypical male characteristics. In academic and professional settings, these actions can be disruptive, thus receiving more attention than inattentive behaviors exhibited by women.
Difficulty Focusing
Men with ADHD commonly experience heightened levels of distraction and hyperactivity. They are quick to jump from task to task, often without completing previous ones. Because of this, their performance may be impacted at work or school. In contrast, women tend to be more forgetful and/or inattentive. While symptoms may not always be exhibited physically, internalized racing thoughts and inability to focus can make it difficult for women to maintain attention. Still, this mental overstimulation can manifest within poor performance reviews and frequent mistakes.
Issues with Relationships
Men with ADHD can be extremely conflict avoidant; they may be easily annoyed and/or hard to calm down. Because of this, relationships with significant others, family members, and friends can be negatively impacted. Additionally, conflicts may arise regarding a male’s messiness or a seeming lack of attention to details. As a consequence, loved ones may feel that they are constantly cleaning up or looking after their ADHD partner.
Treatment for ADHD in Adult Men
Pharmaceutical treatment for ADHD commonly includes one of two approaches: stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamine; or non-stimulants, such as atomoxetine or bupropion.5 All medications come with their own benefits and potential side effects, so it is important to work with your doctor to figure out which prescription, dose, and regimen will suit your lifestyle best.
Combined with medication, psychotherapy can be beneficial in the treatment of ADHD, as well.6 The most commonly recognized method is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with a focus on pro-social skills.7 It is never too late to get treatment, and treatment can be effective at any age.
Finding a qualified therapist can be intimidating. If you have insurance, start your search by obtaining a list of providers that are in-network. From there, you can locate one who specializes in treating ADHD. Online therapist directories are also a great source for information.
Final Thoughts
ADHD can be difficult to manage, but there are effective treatments available. Many find that a healthy treatment plan leaves a positive impact on their lives. Additionally, there are ample printed resources to help you along your journey.
For Further Reading
- CHADD – Has a National Resource Center on ADHD
- Attention Deficit Disorder Association Support groups, workshops, and ambassador program
- Mental Health America
- National Alliance on Mental Health
- MentalHealth.gov
